The World in a Train

One Sunday I entrained for Baliwag, a town in Bulacan which can well afford to hold two fiestas a year without a qualm.I took the train partly because I am prejudiced in favor of the government-owned railroad, partly because I am allowed comparative comfort in a coach, and finally because trains sometimes leave and arrive according to schedule.In the coach I found a little world, a section of the abstraction called humanity whom we are supposed to love and live for. I had previously arranged to divide the idle hour or so between cultivating my neglected Christianity and smoothing out the rough edges of my nature with the aid of grateful sights without – the rolling wheels, the flying huts and trees and light-green palay seedlings and carabaos along the way.Inertia, I suppose, and the sort of reality we moderns know make falling in love with my immediate neighbors often a matter of severe strain and effort to me.Let me give a sketchy picture of the little world whose company Ma ng Kiko shared in moments which soon passed away affecting most of us.First, there came to my notice three husky individuals who dusted their seats furiously with their handkerchiefs without regard to hygiene or the brotherhood of men. It gave me no little annoyance that on such a quiet morning the unpleasant aspects in other people's ways should claim my attention.Then there was a harmless-looking middle-aged man in green camisa de chino with rolled sleeves who must have entered asleep. When I noticed him he was already snugly entrenched in a corner seat, with his slippered feet comfortably planted on the opposite seat, all the while his head danced and  dangled with the motion of the train. I could not, for the love of me, imagine how he would look if he were awake.A child of six in the next seat must have shared with me in speculating about the dreams of this sleeping man in green. Was he dreaming of the Second World War or the price of eggs? Had he any worries about the perman ent dominion status or the final outcome of the struggles of the masses, or was it merely the arrangement of the scales on a fighting roaster's legs that brought that frown on his face?But the party that most engaged my attention was a family of eight composed of a short but efficient father, four very young children, mother, grandmother, and another woman who must have been the efficient father's sister. They distributed themselves on four benches – you know the kind of seats facing each other so that half the passengers travel backward. The more I looked at the short but young and efficient father the shorter his parts looked to me. His movements were fast and short, too. He removed his coat, folded it carefully and slung it on the back of his seat. Then he pulled out his wallet from the hip pocket and counted his money while his wife and the rest of his group watched the ritual without a word.Then the short, young, and efficient father stood up and pulled out two banana le af bundles from a bamboo basket and spread out both bundles on one bench and log luncheon was ready at ten o'clock. With the efficient father leading the charge, the children (except the baby in his grandmother's arms) began to dig away with little encouragement and aid from the elders. In a short while the skirmish was over, the enemy – shrimps, omelet, rice and tomato sauce – were routed out, save for a few shrimps and some rice left for the grandmother to handle in her own style later.Then came the water-fetching ritual. The father, with a glass in hand, led the march to the train faucet, followed by three children whose faces still showed the marks of a hard-fought-battle. In passing between me and a person, then engaged in a casual conversation with me, the short but efficient father made a courteous gesture which is still good to see in  these democratic days; he bent from the hips and, dropping both hands, made an opening in the air between my collocutor and m e – a gesture which in unspoiled places means â€Å"Excuse Me.†In one of the stations where the train stopped, a bent old woman in black boarded the train. As it moved away, the old woman went about the coach, begging holding every prospective Samaritan by the arm, and stretching forth her gnarled hand in the familiar fashion so distasteful to me at that time. There is something in begging which destroys some fiber in most men. â€Å"Every time you drop a penny into a beggar's palm you help degrade a man and make it more difficult for him to rise with dignity. . .†There was something in his beggar's eye which seemed to demand. â€Å"Now do your duty.† And I did. Willy-nilly I dropped a coin and thereby filled my life with repulsion. Is this Christianity? â€Å"Blessed are the poor.† But with what speed did that bent old woman cross the platform into the next coach!While thus engaged in unwholesome thought, I felt myself jerked as the train made a c urve to the right. The toddler of the family of eight lost his balance and caught the short but efficient father off-guard. In an instant all his efficiency was employed in collecting the shrieking toddler from under his seat. The child had, in no time, developed two elongated bumps on the head, upon which was applied a moist piece of cloth. There were no reproaches, no words spoken. The discipline in the family was remarkable, or was it because they considered the head as a minor anatomical appendage and was therefore nor worth the fuss?Occasionally, when the child's crying rose above the din of the locomotive and the clinkety-clank of the wheels on the rails, the father would jog about a bit without blushing, look at the bumps on his child's head, shake his own, and move his lips saying, â€Å"Tsk, Tsk.† And nothing more.Fairly tired of assuming the minor responsibilities of my neighbors in this little world in motion, I looked into the distant horizon where the blue Cordil leras merged into the blue of the sky. There I rested my thoughts  upon the billowing silver and grey of the clouds, lightly remarking upon their being a trial to us, although they may not know it. We each would mind our own business and suffer in silence for the littlest mistakes of others; laughing at their ways if we happened to be in a position to suspend our emotion and view the whole scene as a god would; or, we could weep for other men if we are the mood to shed copious tears over the whole tragic aspect of a world thrown out of joint.It is strange how human sympathy operates. We assume an attitude of complete indifference to utter strangers whom we have seen but not met. We claim that they are the hardest to fall in love with in the normal exercise of Christian charity. Then a little child falls from a seat, or a beggar stretches forth a gnarled hand, or three husky men dust their seats; and we are, despite our pretensions, affected. Why not? If even a sleeping man who doe s nothing touches our life!

Story of an Hour: Symbolism

During Kate Chopin’s marriage she resided in Louisiana where the laws favored the husband in a type of patriarchal code. At the time women were subjected to a lesser role and the husband’s will was freely imposed upon their wives. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour† much of Chopin’s desire for the prospect of freedom is reflected to us through the character of Mrs. Mallard. The societal norms of the late 1800’s dictated that women would assume the feminine role and live for their husbands; as a woman’s place was to reside in the shadow of her man. Through the rich use of symbolism Chopin illustrates how the confinement created by social inequality illuminates our innate desire for freedom. The heart is a repeated conventional symbol used that reinforces Mrs. Mallard’s internal and external restrictions set upon her. â€Å"Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death† (115). Immediately it is revealed that Mrs. Mallard suffers from heart trouble that not only is the cause of her death, but a burden she carries throughout the story. The heart is often used to symbolize a loving relationship, but here her troubled heart symbolizes her troubled marriage. Just like her heart she has no control over her marriage and she constantly feels the imposing will of her husband lurking around. The news of her husband’s death acts as a catalyst and sets off a chain reaction of repressed emotions within Mrs. Mallard that ignite her awareness of what has occurred. With the presence of her husband evaporating from her conscience, the prospect of freedom is so tantalizing that she cannot help but feel pure bliss. The shackles placed on her by her husband were as real as her troubled heart, and with his passing these shackles were unlocked and she had been set free. â€Å"Free, free, free! † (116) as â€Å"Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body† (116). Both her body and mind had been revitalized; she was free to live. Just like the literal use of opening a window, the open window Mrs. Mallard gazes out of symbolizes the releasing of her past life, and replacing it with the new uninhibited world she now has access to. She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. † (115). In contrast to her heart troubles and the death of her husband, there was a world teeming with life in front of her. The open window presented the ideal view of tree tops full of life and the scent of the rain beckoning at her. Perhaps this world was always there, but the mere existence of her husband inhibited her field of vision leaving her to only see what he saw. Although the world around her had not changed, the realization that she was her own woman now was enough to alter her perspective. The monotone and bleak world she once saw was now abundant with songbirds and vibrant colors. All the restrictions had been lifted off of her shoulders like fresh air coming through the now open window. Freedom was a few mere steps away for her, ready to be seized. Death can be interpreted in many ways, but in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† death symbolizes the greatest freedom attainable. It is an ironic freedom as Mrs. Mallard will never be aware that she has obtained it, but nonetheless it will forever be hers. Death is straightforward, because in death we lose everything. When Mrs. Mallard suddenly dies from the sight of her unscathed husband, the doctor comes to the conclusion that â€Å"she had died of heart disease – of joy that kills† (116). The doctor assumes that her death was caused by the joy from her husband, whom she thought to be dead, but in fact something else has caused it. Mrs. Mallard died from the shock created by the mere idea that her new found freedom and self possession was to be stolen from her. Having just attained her sense of self possession, she immediately knows that the presence of her husband means going back to the confined life she knew. She would be the wife living, even cowering under the power her husband held. â€Å"She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long† (116). Day to day life under the power of her significant other was detrimental to Mrs. Mallard and it was only yesterday that she hoped for a quick death and freedom. Mrs. Mallard’s fear of losing her new found freedom displays how significant being free was to her. The loss of her freedom created more of a shock then the death of her husband and perhaps it was her fate to die by the hands of her husband. Whether it was literally by her husband’s hands, her own suicide, or her heart giving out, they all reflect back on the husband and the social inequality she felt. Unable to withstand the impact of losing herself once more, Mrs. Mallard was literally left heartbroken and embraced the freedom that death offers us all. As the title suggests â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is contrived within one hour and the use of time symbolizes the ticking away of our being and subsequently our freedom. An hour is a rather short amount of time but, as shown in the story, a lifetime’s worth of repressed emotions can be unleashed in an hour’s time. Mrs. Mallard goes through a personal metamorphosis during this hour as she processes everything that has unfolded before her. In conjunction with her desire to be free, Mrs. Mallard also celebrates how her remaining time is her own. Recognizing that she no longer is marginalized by her husband, life now belongs to her. â€Å"Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own† (116). Every day is now her own masterpiece, no longer will she be subjected to the feminine role society has decided for her. Perhaps Mrs. Mallard may not have been counting the minutes for her the news of her husband’s death, but when the opportunity presents itself her deeply buried desire to be free rises up to the surface and shows how potent it truly is. Ironically, Mrs. Mallard only had enough time to briefly savor the taste of freedom, before being dragged down into the belly of death. Widely viewed as an early feminist writer, Kate Chopin addresses the social inequality of the late 1800’s through the marriage of Mrs. Mallard and how freedom is essential to our being. Mrs. Mallard’s ailment of a weak heart provides symbolic evidence to conclude that she carries the burden of unequal strengths in her marriage. Her heart is weakened by a one-sided relationship and in conjunction with the oppressive nature of marriage creates a life in which she is held prisoner to the will of her husband. After the death of her husband, the once closed window to self possession and fulfillment is unlocked without a trace of regret. No longer oppressed, the mind and body see â€Å"there were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds† (115) and the innate desire to run free and escape is unleashed. No longer oppressed, the desire to be free from social injustice and inequality possesses Mrs. Mallard, letting her exuberance run wild. In the midst of triumph we often lose our sense of time and how fragile life is. Death lingers around everyone and is the inevitable end, but perhaps it is the absolute freedom. In death we lose everything, but ironically, we gain an unclaimed freedom. Mrs. Mallard’s inevitable death is not caused by her own weak heart, but her husband’s oppressive role which forced her into the clutches of eternal freedom. Her need for freedom transcended her physical need for life and in death her desire for freedom is satiated.

St. Augustine’s Confessions

During his time, St. Augustine wrote thirteen autobiographical books entitled â€Å"Confessions†. The book tells how St. Augustine life was changed from living a sinful life to his conversion to Christianity. After studying the Confessions by St. Augustine, several parallelisms can be seen between the said autobiography and the Old and New Testament of the Christian Bible. Parallelisms do not appear only within the text but as well as in structure and format. One of the major parallelisms that can be seen between Augustine’s Confession and the Bible is the pattern or way of developing each stage or part of each one. The Bible started by the creation of everything perceivable by the human senses. On the other hand, Augustine’s Confession started by telling the story of Augustine’s childhood, his birth. Thus, Augustine’s birth symbolizes the creation in the first of book of the Bible, in the book of Genesis. The development of Augustine’s Confessions also followed the same trend as the Bible. The first eight books of the Confessions told the story of Augustine’s life from infancy to living in sin and then, finding his way to God. The story of Augustine’s infancy can be related to the story of Adam and Eve in the Old Testament. As an infant, Augustine knows nothing of sin, innocent as Adam and Eve were in the beginning. Then, Augustine was exposed to the world along with its sinful desires that causes Augustine to live a life afar from God, just as Adam and Eve after eating the fruit of knowledge of good and evil. Augustine continues to live his life following the desires of the flesh until he sees hopelessness without God. This part of Augustine’s life somehow reflects the Old Testament. The Israelites continued to sin causing them to reach the promise land in a lot longer time. The later part of the Confessions can also be linked to the New Testament. Augustine was Christianized that also symbolizes rebirth, rebirth in his attitudes and views of life just as the New Testament signifies the birth of Christ, the one who is to save the people. The dark ages in Augustine’s life can be viewed as the Old Testament wherein the people lived in sin. On the other hand, Augustine’s conversion can be viewed as the New Testament wherein God provided salvation and a new birth. Thus, it can be noticed that the transition of events in the two books are also similar to each other: the conversion of Augustine to Christianity and the incarnation of Jesus Christ. Consequently, it can be said that the first part of the Confessions, like the Old Testament speaks of past events: the birth and early life of Augustine and the creation in the Old Testament. The last parts of the two books are also connected; they both speak of future events. The last part of Augustine’s Confessions stated the eagerness of Augustine to interpret the inner meanings and messages of the Bible. He ended the Confessions by referring to the Sabbath, the seventh day when God rested. Augustine refers to the Sabbath figuratively that can also be interpreted as the final rest of the soul in the presence of God, the eternal life. In the same way, the Revelation or the last book of the New Testament speaks of things to come in a metaphorical sense. Thus, it can be concluded that both the last part of the two books are to be viewed in a metaphorical way in order to understand its true meaning. The Revelation was full of symbolisms in the same way as the last book of the Confessions. Both leaves the readers time to reflect and to search for the true meanings and essence of the text in their own way. Both in the Old and New Testament of the Bible, God reveals himself to man through angels, visions and others because of the inability of man to reach Him. In the same way, Augustine sees God through the life of his mother: through her actions and advice. Both show the inability of man to reach to God in their own way and thus, it was God providing man the means of understanding and obeying Him. Another similarity is that the Bible was comprised of different books (67 books in all) that also include several chapters. In the same way, Augustine wrote several books of which each were named by their order, that is, Book 1 to 13. Each book of The Confessions is also divided in to chapters that are similar to the chapters of the books in the Bible. Thus, it can be said that parallelisms indeed occur between the Holy Bible of Christianity and the Confessions by St. Augustine both within and outside of the text. It can also be said that most Christian literatures of the contemporary time follows the same format as the Confessions in which the original pattern can be rooted to the Bible of Christianity.

Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Exercise - Essay Example The trimming of standard bookcases being 0.2 hours per unit is multiplied by 150 hours per month to get 75 which is expected value. This is deducted from 150 multiplied by one hundred and divided by the actual which is 150 to get 50%. Trimmer has also production of sixty percent bookcases and forty percent production of wide bookcases. Shaper has the production of forty percent production standard bookcases, then fifty percent production of narrow bookcases and fifty percent production of wide bookcases. Assembling machine has sixty three percent productions of all bookcases of the current sizes. Their optimal allocation is supposed to match by their production speed so trimmer wider machine is supposed to be aligned with shaper standard producer. Trimmer standard producer is supposed to be allocated with the shaper narrow producer because their speed matches. Shaper wider machine may be allocated followed by trimmer narrow machine, because their speed does not differ much. In conclusion, corporation production machines are supposed to be aligned by their average percentage speed. Chang Hyun Kim and Yushin Hong (1999). An optimal production run length in deteriorating production processes. Retrieved on January 15, 1999 from

Narratine jobsite Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Narratine jobsite - Essay Example When I made it clear she would be working in a 'man's world' (which wouldn't be easy), she didn't hesitate with her answer: "I can handle anything you toss my way." Roy, on the other hand, made her first three weeks as uncomfortable as he could, which translated to considerable discomfort for me as well. Roy was an imposing biker-type at six feet, two inches and 265 pounds, tough and knowledgeable enough to manage forty construction workers. Rachel, on the other hand, stood five-feet, four inches at maybe a hundred pounds dripping wet. I had to mediate between them several times. Roy withheld documentation, schedules, and material requests from Rachel. If she needed something, he made her ask for it. I was well aware of what was happening. The tension between the two was palpable, and I knew a confrontation was imminent. She would need to stand up to him soon-I knew her time with us would be over if she did not. Once, on her second week on the job, Rachel and I were inspecting the jobsite. I could see Roy was up to something again. He was rallying the troops, visiting each group of workers and making a few comments at which they all would dutifully direct meaningful glances at her. I began to think today might be Rachel's last on the job. She walked beside me, asking questions, taking notes, appearing not to have noticed. We completed our inspection and called every... Rachel answered each one to everyone's satisfaction, including mine. I could see Roy was uneasy, but Rachel had proven her competence, so I thought that would be the end of it. That was not to be. The meeting was about to end. "Where are my fire dampers" Roy piped in. "If they're not here, I'll be sending half the crew home tomorrow." The fire dampers were a priority item, without which the job would come to a halt. The person who knew this best was Roy. It was a cheap shot. He had made several requests for their delivery before Rachel had become project manager. The fire dampers had been the responsibility of Rachel's predecessor. Rachel would have needed to order the fire dampers ten days earlier to get the fire dampers to the site the next day. Roy had deliberately withheld the lack of the fire dampers to himself, with the intention of attacking Rachel. I had underestimated Roy's determination. He allowed his personal prejudice to put the job and the company at risk. The faces in the room were a mixture of blank stares and stunned disbelief. The men knew how serious the situation was. There would be emergency meetings, phone calls, and some hefty fines for delaying the job. I was furious. As I stood to protest, Rachel placed her hand on my arm, shot me a glance, and strode to the front. There was a look of defiance on her face. In a very measured tone she indicated, "The dampers are in my truck." All of us were dumbfounded. How had she pulled this off She spent the next ten minutes reading Roy the riot act. She had compiled a list of every mistake he had made in the last year. Roy himself had provided access to them. She concluded by letting Roy know who was in charge. "If you can put your petty differences aside, be

How interest rates affect peoples purchasing decisions Assignment

How interest rates affect peoples purchasing decisions - Assignment Example The paper explores four types of writing at our most recent workshop. They are summary, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Some of the key differences between them were highlighted. An analysis provides a detailed examination of an article in order to make inferences while an evaluation is an informed judgment arising from an assessment or appraisal of a situation. A summary provides a brief but concise version of an article while a synthesis involves combining separate elements into a coherent and connected whole in order to make a new point. The level of interest rate determines whether people save or consume. At higher levels of interest, some persons save more and consume less. According to Pashigian, a higher interest rate makes current consumption relatively more expensive compared with future consumption. This is a result of the substitution effect that induces the consumer to reduce current consumption and save more. A rise in the interest rate also leads to an increase in wealth for savers as it increases the returns to savings. However, when the interest rate falls there is less or no incentive to save and so people prefer to spend their income on consumer items such as cars, clothing, jewelry, and appliances. Some of these consumer items are financed through borrowing. This confirms the fact that people tend to spend more on consumer items when interest rates are low.

Romanesque, Regency, Revival, Early Christian, Baroque, Rococo, Essay - 1

Romanesque, Regency, Revival, Early Christian, Baroque, Rococo, 18thCentury Neoclassicism - Essay Example As with all forms of art and architecture, a desire to see and elaborate upon previous artistic expressions oftentimes encourages architects to engage in movements of revivalism. Within Western civilization, revivalism has been noted within almost each and every single architectural movement in recorded history. For instance, there has been revivalism of postclassical architecture, medieval architecture, Baroque architecture, and a litany of many other more modern forms of architecture. Due to the broad range of revival architecture that exists, this particular analysis will focus specifically on Renaissance revival; sometimes referred to as â€Å"neo-Renaissance†. This developed in and around the 19th century. However, the movement itself is somewhat hard to explain and/or understand due to fact that it oftentimes confuse Renaissance architecture with prior to how he and architecture. Although it many cases these two are one in the same, the fact of the matter is that a blend ing of true Renaissance architecture with prior exhibitions of time and architecture was evidenced throughout the period time. Similarly, with respect to the current exhibition of the neo-Renaissance revival, this author definitively points to the faà §ade of Vladimir. Early Christian architecture is something that is somewhat unique as compared to the other forms of architecture that have been discussed thus far. This is not due to the fact that early Christian architecture exhibits new more interesting interpretations of arts were architecture.

Research proposal in the public service (public services for example Essay

Research proposal in the public service (public services for example police, fire service etc...) - Essay Example are some of the important types of public services which a government arranges for the general public. With growing population, widening areas of services, growing public expectations, constant monitoring by the public and the media besides the government appointed regulatory mechanism the public services offices have come under severe pressure to perform well. The police services for example are now under pressure to sniff the terror plots being hatched by terrorists. In addition the crimes like online identity theft, internet banking frauds etc. are further addition to the list of crimes that the local police department is supposed to investigate. The manpower and resources on the other hand has not been match up with the exponential numbers and types of crimes. It is under such circumstances that at some places, question marks are being raised about the effectiveness of the public services. Discussions are also being held to figure out the possible remedial measures that could be taken up by the government/s to make such services more effective and efficient. The main intention of the study is to develop a better understanding of the concepts of public services in general and their effectiveness in these challenging times. During the study an effort would be made to study some of the recent incidents where the role of public services has been quite constructive. In addition, some such incidents will also be analysed where the role of public services has been criticised in the media or amongst the intelligentsia. The study will try to seek answers to the following key objectives. i. To analyze the availability of some pre-identified public services with respect to the numbers of people. This will involve comparison of per capita availability of such services in different regions. ii. What types of expectations do the general populace have from the government of the day iii. Find out the impact of public private cooperation in some fields. As a part of the corporate social responsibility, a number of corporate houses have also come forward in lending a helping hand to the people and the government. An effort would be made to assess how successful such associations proved in the recent past. iv. As responsible citizens we too have a responsibility towards the state and nation, which implies that we must allow the public service offices to function in an effective manner without hampering their cause or without burdening them with our irresponsible behaviour. An effort would therefore be to assess how conscious the citizens are towards their duty as responsible citizens in making the public services more effective. v. Analyse some of the public services like Fire services, police services, health services etc. This will be an effort to point out some areas which require attention in order to make such services more effective. Approach Research approaches and methods radically influence research content and, consequently, the policies designed in response to that content. If carried out in an objective manner, research not only helps the researcher in knowing about many unknown aspects, but it often provides a benchmark for future researches as well. This thesis is more of a qualitative case study which focuses on an

Aspects of Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Aspects of Research - Essay Example Identifying the key aspects: Key aspects are like the pillars upon which the further study and course of action is to be established. Thereby defining and clearly chalking out the key aspects is of high importance, without this no research would stand to fulfill the requirements that are aligned against it. Although a research is subject to number of important factors against which the entire study and course of action is established, yet there are three basic aspects without which a research would fail to yield the desired objectives that are set against it. Subject: The first aspect of high importance is that of defining the scope of research topic at hand. Knowing what to do, how to do, and when exactly to do are the three sub functions of this part. A general trait of research states that identifying the problem at hand, is the half resolution of problem. Choosing a subject and topic of research has certain prerequisite steps to it that are taken into account and fulfilled. These include the pre operational homework, feasibility studies, determining the course of action, assignment of roles and tasks, setting the deadlines and desired timings for completion of particular task, followed by the sub sectioning and dissection of the overall larger body of the research in itself. Literature review: Literature review is the backbone of any research undertaken. No research can survive to exist without the element of literature review. Since research is an interdependent entity and it is often continuation of work from a certain point on with aim of bringing about further enhancements and advancements in that particular field, thereby it is highly desired and demanded to study the relevant literature material. The literature material is that particular content that gives idea of what amount of work has been done in this field, what procedures and patterns have been adopted, what level of success has been achieved, against the desired expectations. The most importan t point of literature review is the validation of the entire scheme of action, and providing some authenticity of the quotes and actions in the light of work performed by the experts and researchers in that particular field of study (Fink 2010). Methodology: Methodology part is that particular aspect of research which enables the practical execution. While literature review is mostly on theoretical grounds and involves study of prior work and research conducted in that particular field, the methodology phase is the practical execution of ideas, actions and path to be undertaken. Methodology area is comparatively larger than literature review section and perhaps the broader area of entire research. Methodology is the formal adoption of policy and course of action undertaken. Methodology may involve the use of tools, the techniques, and other practical natured material of a research study. It also involves the element of variable study. Variables are in dependent and or independent na tures which have a direct impact on the overall outcome of a particular research undertaken. The studies of these variables enable better understanding of the practical actions and also allows for correlation between various elements within the study of research body. Methodology part sets the course and action path for the questionnaire and the type of survey that maybe undertaken in the practical field. Methodology allows for diagrammatical and

Scaricity of Healthcare Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Scaricity of Healthcare Resources - Essay Example hilosophical biomedical ethical issues have developed in complexity as they are influenced by a number of factors including religion, law, anthropology and sociology. Each of the influencing factors is complex by themselves and this tends to make the biomedical ethical issues even more confusing for the healthcare service providers, especially as they are in the forefront in the use of the massive technological developments that have been in the recent past. The origins of the practical normative ethics of biomedical ethics goes back to the school of thought normally associated with Hippocrates and the famous Hippocratic oath. This oath sums up the school of thought on the ethical principles of curing and healing. The emphasis in the early days of medical history was on healing and not on curing, as the means of curing diseases was limited. Helping people to cope with diseases that had inflicted them had more relevance. The mode of intervention was left to the judgment of the physician. Thus the first principles of biomedical ethics of beneficence and nonmaleficence were laid. Even today there are many who believe that the goals of medicine remain in these complimentary factors of curing and healing. The subsequent history of bio-ethics is limited to interpretations of Galen in the second century and the opposing views expressed by Vesalius thirteen centuries later. However the next significant step in the development of biomedical ethics was seen in 1803, through the expressions of Thomas Percival, in his work Medical Ethics. Percival expanded the prevalent biomedical ethics of beneficence and nonmaleficence to incorporate the idea of the professional responsibility of physicians and their responsibility to society. Thus introducing the third principle in development of biomedical ethics in the form of justice. Further development in the principles of bioethics was seen in the 1960s and 1970s. Concern on the medical treatment procedures without proper

World population Essay Example for Free

World population Essay Wouldn’t you love the peace of mind knowing there weren’t rats lurking in your walls? Rats create many problems in the world and I believe we should eliminate all rats. One reason rats need to be eliminated is they spread diseases. According to CDC (Centers for Disease Control) rats spread hemmoragic fever, Lassa fever, Leptospinosis, and many more. Having rats running around infected with possibly fatal diseases is far too dangerous. To emphasize the deadly effect rats have, we can look at the Black Plague, in which millions of people were killed by a disease rats spread. In addition rats damage many houses and buildings. Damage caused by rats adds up to millions of dollars every year. Rats can easily chew through cinderblock and wood, making few buildings unprotected. The upkeep prices of a house are far too expensive alone, added rat damage bills are simply not needed. Furthermore, rats could very easily overpopulate. Overpopulation of rats will hurt food webs, spread even more disease and cause even more structure damage. A mating pair of rats can have five litters of seven to fifteen pups a year, with the pups becoming fertile at five weeks of age. In a vacuum environment a pair of rats could theoretically produce thousands to millions of descendants in a single year. One may think rats can be helpful because they can be eaten, but they also eat a large portion of human food. Rats are constantly at war with people because we eat the same food, they eat one-fifth to one-third of the world’s human food supply. Personally I think with people starving in the world we cannot have rats eating our food. To sum up rats may provide a few advantages but the number of disadvantages will triumph. To repeat, rats need to be exterminated. Citations:www.snohd.org/Shd_EH/Resources/Rats-LetsGetRidOfThem.pdf listverse.com/2012/04/09/top-10-fascinating-facts-about-rats/ Marrin, Albert. Oh Rats! New York Penguin Group 2006.

Death Penalty in India Essay Example for Free

Death Penalty in India Essay Short Essay on the Capital Punishment in India – Capital punishment has been a matter of debate for long now, and across the world public opinion is, by and large, in favour of abolishing it, as it is increasingly seen as a barbaric measure to check crime. Modern abolitionist jurists are of the view that if killing is wrong, no amount of legal or social sanction can make it right. If it is wrong for a man to kill another man, so it is even for the State to do. Besides, citing statistics, they argue that capital punishment has had no visible effect as a deterrent and has utterly failed to bring in a dip in the number of murders, which, according to them, makes capital punishment completely useless. Why kill the killers when it helps none and nothing, seems to be the belief. To them, capital punishment is a barbarous measure of no avail that has its place in the annals of history and not in modern statute books. Abolition of death penalty is largely seen as a step in the interest of human dignity in line with Article 5 of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 and its protocol in 1989, besides, of course, Article 3 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted on December 10, 1948 and Article 21 of our own Constitution. The arguments on the side of the retentionists are equally strong. However, in India the Supreme Court has made death penalty applicable only to the rarest of rare cases – the cases where the act is no less than shocking to human conscience. The landmark cases where the death sentences were awarded in India are Ranga Billa case, Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi Assassination case, Laxman Nayak case and most recently in 2004 Hatab case of West Bengal where accused Dhananjoy Chatterjee was hanged on 14 August, 2004, on his birthday, after Supreme Court affirmed the death sentence awarded by the lower courts. The President also declined his plea for pardon. In the year 2003 government laid a Bill in the Parliament, which proposed to add a provision of death penalty in Drugs and Cosmetics Act. After the new government came in power in June 2004, President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam suggested that Parliament should consider the abolition of death sentence altogether.

The Working Principle Of Network OSI Layers

The Working Principle Of Network OSI Layers A stand-alone personal computer means a computer having an operating system, user programs and data. It has the means to put information on a floppy diskette, on a hard disk, or on paper. Information from such a computer to passes to another user only by first taking a copy. The copy can be in a form of a printout or it can be information in a floppy disk, a removable hard disk, or on a compact disk. Analysis of data 1. What is computer network? A  computer network, often simply referred to as a network, is a collection of  computers  and devices interconnected by communications channels that facilitate communications among users and allows users to share resources. Networks may be classified according to a wide variety of characteristics. A computer network allows sharing of resources and information among interconnected devices. 2. Elements of computer networks End  devices, also referred as hosts: The sources and destinations of the communication. The devices the end users are most familiar with. These devices act as the  interface  between the end users and the underlying  network. Intermediary devices: Devices that give network access to the attached end devices and  transport  the messages between hosts. Usually it is  transparent  to the end users. Also, these devices accomplish communication functions in order to ensure the success of the communication process.  Examples: Hubs, switches, routers, modems, firewalls, etc. Transmission media: The physical media that  connects  the devices, enabling the exchange of messages between them. It may be wired, that is, some  copper  cable or optical  fiber  cable, or wireless, that is, some radio link. Services:  Network, aware software applications that request network resources in order to enjoy the end user of the application some provided service. Processes: Software that runs on network devices in order to support the communication functions in accordance with the established, also in software, communication rules or protocols and facilitate the provision of services to the end users. Messages: Well-known applications. Include telephone calls, e-mail, web pages, etc. Devices and media are the physical elements or hardware of the network, whereas the services and the processes are the computer programs or software of the network. We have to note that modern  computer networks  are converged data or information networks, meaning that can carry any type of information between wide ranges of devices, and provide previously separate and distinct conventional communication methods and services, as well as new, alternative communication forms onto a common platform. 3. Explanation about seven OSI layers in clear The OSI, or Open System Interconnection, model defines a networking framework for implementing protocols in seven layers. Control is passed from one layer to the next, starting at the application layer in one station, and proceeding to the bottom layer, over the channel to the next station and back up the hierarchy. The  OSI, or Open System Interconnection, model defines a networking framework for implementing protocols in seven layers. Control is passed from one layer to the next, starting at the application layer in one station, and proceeding to the bottom layer, over the channel to the next station and back up the hierarchy. Application (Layer 7): This layer supports  application  and end-user processes. Communication partners are identified, quality of service is identified, user authentication and privacy are considered, and any constraints on data  syntax  are identified. Everything at this layer is application-specific. This layer provides application services for  file transfers,  e-mail, and other  network  software  services.  Telnet  and  FTP  are applications that exist entirely in the application level. Tiered application architectures are part of this layer. Presentation (Layer 6) This layer provides independence from differences in data representation by translating from application to network format, and vice versa. The presentation layer works to transform data into the form that the application layer can accept. This layer formats and encrypts data to be sent across a  network, providing freedom from compatibility problems. It is sometimes called the syntax layer. Session (Layer 5) This layer establishes, manages and terminates connections between applications. The session layer sets up, coordinates, and terminates conversations, exchanges, and dialogues between the applications at each end. It deals with session and connection coordination. Transport (Layer 4) This layer provides transparent transfer of data between end systems, or  hosts, and is responsible for end-to-end error recovery and  flow control. It ensures complete data transfer. Network (Layer 3) This layer provides  switching  and  routing  technologies, creating logical paths, known as  virtual circuits, for transmitting data from  node  to node. Routing and forwarding are functions of this layer, as well as  addressing,  internetworking, error handling,  congestion  control and packet sequencing. Data Link (Layer 2) At this layer, data packets are  encoded  and decoded into bits. It furnishes transmission protocol  knowledge and management and handles errors in the physical layer, flow control and frame synchronization. The data link layer is divided into two sub layers: The Media Access Control layer and the  Logical Link Control  layer. The MAC sub layer controls how a computer on the network gains access to the data and permission to transmit it. The LLC layer controls frame  synchronization, flow control and error checking. Physical (Layer 1) This layer conveys the bit stream electrical impulse, light or radio signal through the  network  at the electrical and mechanical level. It provides the  hardware means of sending and receiving data on a carrier, including defining cables, cards and physical aspects.  Fast Ethernet,  RS232, and  ATM  are  protocols  with physical layer components. 4. Relationship between all the layers The OSI model originally distinguishes between service, interval and protocols.   The TCP/IP model doesnt clearly distinguish between service, interval and protocol. The OSI model is a reference model. .The TCP/IP model is an implementation of the OSI model. In OSI model, the protocols came after the model was described. In TCP/TP model, the protocols came first, and the model was really just a description of the existing protocols. In OSI model, the protocols are better hidden. In TCP/IP model, the protocols are not hidden. The OSI model has 7 layers. The TCP/IP model has only 4 layers. The OSI model supports both connectionless and connection-oriented communication in the network layer, but only connection -oriented communication in transport layer. The TCP/IP model supports both connectionless and connection-oriented communication in the transport layer, giving users the choice. Explain all the layers with example network? Application Layer 7: It is employed in software packages which implement client-server software. When an application on one computer starts communicating with another computer, then the Application layer is used. The header contains parameters that are agreed between applications. This header is often only sent at the beginning of an application operation. Examples of services within the application layer include: FTP DNS SNMP SMTP gateways Web browser Network File System (NFS) Telnet and Remote Login (rlogin) X.400 FTAM Database software Print Server Software Presentation Layer 6: This provides function call exchange between host operating systems and software layers. It defines the format of data being sent and any encryption that may be used, and makes it presentable to the Application layer. Examples of services used are listed below: MIDI HTML GIF TIFF JPEG ASCII EBCDIC Session Layer 5: The Session layer defines how data conversations are started, controlled and finished. The Session layer manages the transaction sequencing and in some cases authorization. The messages may be bidirectional and there may be many of them, the session layer manages these conversations and creates notifications if some messages fail. Indications show whether a packet is in the middle of a conversation flow or at the end. Only after a completed conversation will the data is passed up to layer 6. Examples of Session layer protocols are listed below: RPC SQL NetBIOS names AppleTalk ASP Decent SCP Transport Layer 4: This layer is responsible for the ordering and reassembly of packets that may have been broken up to travel across certain media. Some protocols in this layer also perform error recovery. After error recovery and reordering the data part is passed up to layer 5. Examples are: TCP UDP SPX Network Layer 3: This layer is responsible for the delivery of packets end to end and implements a logical addressing scheme to help accomplish this. This can be connectionless or connection-oriented and is independent of the topology or path that the data packets travel. Routing packets through a network is also defined at this layer plus a method to fragment large packets into smaller ones depending on MTUs for different media. Once the data from layer 2 has been received, layer 3 examines the destination address and if it is the address of its own end station, it passes the data after the layer 3 headers to layer 4. Examples of Layer 3 protocols include: Appletalk DDP IP IPX DECnet Data Link Layer 2: This layer deals with getting data across a specific medium and individual links by providing one or more data link connections between two network entities. End points are specifically identified, if required by the Network layer Sequencing. The frames are maintained in the correct sequence and there are facilities for Flow control and Quality of Service parameters such as Throughput, Service Availability and Transit Delay. Examples include: IEEE 802.2 IEEE 802.3 802.5 Token Ring HDLC Frame Relay FDDI ATM PPP The Data link layer performs the error check using the Frame Check Sequence in the trailer and discards the frame if an error is detected. It then looks at the addresses to see if it needs to process the rest of the frame itself or whether to pass it on to another host. The data between the header and the trailer is passed to layer 3. The MAC layer concerns itself with the access control method and determines how use of the physical transmission is controlled and provides the token ring protocols that define how a token ring operates. The LLC shields the higher level layers from concerns with the specific LAN implementation. Physical Layer 1: This layer deals with the physical aspects of the media being used to transmit the data. The electrical, mechanical, procedural and functional means this defines things like pin outs, electrical characteristics, modulation and encoding of data bits on carrier signals. It ensures bit synchronization and places the binary pattern that it receives into a receive buffer. Once it decodes the bit stream, the physical layer notifies the data link layer that a frame has been received and passes it up. Examples of specifications include: V.24 V.35 EIA/TIA-232 EIA/TIA-449 FDDI 802.3 802.5 Ethernet RJ45 NRZ NRZI Conclusion To conclude with a computer network provides connectivity between computers like autonomous systems, networks or nodes. It permits sharing of various resources among all, or several, or one of those computers that are associated with the network.

An Enemy of the People by Henrik Ibsen Essay -- Enemy People Henrik Ib

An Enemy of the People by Henrik Ibsen An Enemy of the People deals with the extent to which individual desires and beliefs are compromised by society. In particular, the play focuses on the ways in which an individual can be ostracized by the society he is trying to help. One primary message of the play is that the individual, who stands alone, is more often "right" than the mass of people, who are portrayed as ignorant and sheeplike. Isben who turned atheist during his encounter with Georg Brandes, presents many Christian values in ‘An enemy of the people’, and religious references. Both Dr. Stockmann and Mrs. Stockmann reveal signs of religious references and show Christian values. We learn that Dr. Stockmann has strong moral values when it comes to honesty and truth. From the following we can tell that he believes that the truth should not be hidden from anyone let alone the community, and that the truth shall prevail in the end. ‘I should think he would be very glad that such an important truth has been brought to light’. We can also see that the truth is a very important part of Dr. Stockmann’s life, and that the truth is what rightly should be stood up for, as he says, ‘In god’s name, what else do you suppose I should do but take my stand on right and truth?’ and the ‘truth and the people will win the fight you may be certain!’. Apart from sticking up for the truth he also believes in sticking up for what he believes in which is a strong Christian value. You can almost compare Jesus Christ to Dr. Stockmann as both stands up for what they believe are the truth and what they believe in. Just as Jesus preached to people to back his side, Dr Stockmann does the same. ‘If I can’t hire a hall, I shall... ... don’t know; but I don’t like it. We also see many religious expressions made by her, such as ‘good heavens’, or Good lord help us’. She also makes reference to God when speaking to Dr. Stockmann., ‘I don’t know anything about it but God preserve us. Apart from Mrs. Stockmann and Dr Stockmann showing some religious reference we see Petra reveal that hard work is also presented as a good Christian value. ‘Yes – but that is good. One is so delightfully tired after it’. In the end we see similarities in both Jesus and Dr. Stockman that they both struggle to get the truth out to people, and that both are seen as enemies although they are in fact people doing right for others. Dr Stockmann does stand alone in the end but he was the one in the right, and stood up to his believes, and in his mind, ‘the strongest man in the world is he who stands most alone’.

The Silent Nature of Barry Lopez Essay -- Barry Lopez Essays

The Silent Nature of Barry Lopez In southern California, below Interstate 8 and west along the Mexican border, in the middle of the desert just beyond an arroyo, rests an ancient intaglio, a horse carved out of stone ("Horse" 401). If by chance you were to come across such a natural relic, perhaps you would first take a picture. Perhaps you would initially approach to get a closer look. Perhaps you would immediately run your fingers over the coarse, intricate indentations of the nose, the ears, the hooves. However, when writer Barry Lopez first came upon the stone horse, he did nothing. He simply stood in his place. Still. Silent. And he did not just happen upon the horse; he had been looking for it. Yet, at the sight of it, Lopez recalls being "startled, and that I held my breath" (401). This is not the only instance in which nature inspires awe in the writer. It occurs again in "Orchids on the Volcanoes" as he watches sleeping Flamingos drift on a lagoon in Isla Rabida, an island of the Galapagos. It occurs again in "Learning to See" as he witnesses a vivid "fleeting pattern of light falling at dusk on a windbreak of trees in Mitchell, Oregon" (236). In every encounter, Lopez observes nature with passionate reverence and spirituality that renders him speechless. But he does not write merely to relay his reaction. Barry Lopez wants us to replenish our dwindling respect for nature by sharing in the experience that nature affords us. Through his naturalist essays, Lopez restrains that immediate urge we have to pet the horsey, take a Polaroid, and move on. He persuades us to appreciate the urge. He strives to teach us about the inherently liberating spirit of nature, about how in just experiencing one moment with nature "ever... ...ea lion pup, rudely shunned by the other adults, waits with resolute cheer for a mother who clearly will never return from the sea. You extend your fingers here to the damp, soft rims of orchids, blooming white on the flanks of dark volcanoes. (53) Lopez invites us to partake in the spiritual connection we share with nature and history, which awards us both independence in our world and compelling attachment to it. He bids us to notice the "complexity of [nature's] beauty" (54), and-like the effect it continues to have on Barry Lopez time and time again-to let it render us speechless. Works Cited Grice, Gordon G. "The Black Widow." Encounters: Essays for Exploration and Inquiry. Ed. Pat C. Hoy II and Robert DiYanni. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2000. 313-317. Lopez, Barry. "The Stone Horse." Hoy II. 399-406. Lopez, Barry. About This Life. New York: Vintage, 1998.

Segmentation Concept Essays -- Marketing

Efficient marketing strategy is rarely aimed at a large group of customers like all women, all schoolteachers or all beer drinkers, as any of the similar large groups are rather heterogeneous and may vary by age, income, needs, habits and lifestyle (McIntosh, Matthews, Mullineux, & Medland, 2010). As it is also impossible to reach each customer requirement or expectations, some distinct groups of consumers who will respond to a certain marketing mix in the same or similar way – segments – are to be identified. Segmentation is a process and result of differentiation of the consumers’ population to certain groups by number of geographic, demographic, age, economic, social and other characteristics in respect of a particular product (Sarvary, & Elberse, 2005). Global marketing introduces a better segmentation practice than just the borders between the countries. By effective application, segmentation provides global marketers with the opportunity to benefit from global standardization (like, economies of scale and positioning consistency) and at the same time meet the expectations and demand of the target group. This approach allows assessing the markets on a global or regional scale, overcoming limitations of the political boundaries that are usually used to define the market. After identifying the market segments it is necessary to assess their attractiveness by considering segment capacity, accessibility, prospective, profitability, competitiveness, compliance to company’s corporate strategy, objectives and culture, etc. Targeting is another essential tool of effective marketing strategy as it is a choice of the segment which best fits the parameters of potential customer of the product and further orientation at this segment b... ...362/146934709X467794 Tamames, R. (2000). World Economic and Environmental Order. United Nations, UNESCO, Eolss forerunner volume. Retrieved on March 27 from http://www.eumed.net/cursecon/textos/Tamames-Env_Order.pdf Walker, C. (2010). GenWorld The New Generation of Global Youth. Retrieved from Energy BBDO on March 27. http://www.energybbdo.com/uploads/GenWorld%20Overview.pdf Westjohn, S., Singh, N., & Magnusson, P. (2012). Responsiveness to Global and Local Consumer Culture Positioning: A Personality and Collective Identity Perspective. Journal Of International Marketing, 20(1), 58-73. Retrieved on March 27. doi:10.1509/jim.10.0154 http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=72034120&site=ehost-live Yankelovich, D., & Meer, D. (2006). Rediscovering Market Segmentation. Harvard Business Review, 84(2), 122-131. SMC Learning Resources.

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The desk exerts an upward force on the book that is equal in magnitude to the gravitational force. Draw a free-body diagram of the book. 7. Draw a free-body diagram of a football being kicked. Assume that the only forces acting on the ball are the force due to gravity and the force exerted by the kicker. 8. Draw a free-body diagram for each of the following objects (show size of force with big or small arrow): a. A projectile accelerating downward in the presence of air resistance. B. A crate being pushed across a flat surface at a constant speed. 9. Define Equilibrium. 10.Can an object be in equilibrium if only one force acts on the object? 1. If an object is at rest, can we conclude that no external forces are acting on it? 12. An keg car is moving at a constant speed of 1. Mom/s. What is the net force on the car? 13. If a car is traveling west with a constant velocity of mom/s, what is the net force acting on the car? 14. If a car is accelerating downhill under a net force of NON, what additional force would cause the car to have a constant velocity? 15. Is it possible for an object to be in motion if no net force is acting on it?Explain. 16. An object thrown into the air stops at the highest point in its path. Is it in equilibrium at his point? Explain. 17. A large ball is placed on a bed off truck but is not tied down. A. Explain why it is wrong to say, â€Å"as the truck accelerates forward, the ball slides across the bed until it hits the tailgate. † b. If the driver slammed on the brakes, what would happen to the ball? 18. A space explorer is moving through space far from any planet or star and notices a large rock, taken as a specimen from an alien planet floating around the cabin of the ship.Should the explorer push it gently or kick it toward the storage compartment? Why? 19. Identify the action-reaction pairs in the following situations: a. A person takes a step. B. A snowball hits someone in the back. C. A baseball player catches a ball. D. A gust of wind strikes a window. 20. If a small sports car collides head-on with a massive truck, which vehicle experiences the greater impact force? Which vehicle experiences the greater acceleration? Explain. 21 . Explain why a rope climber must pull downward on the rope in order to move upward. Part Two: Constructing Responses 22.The force that attracts Earth to an object is equal to and opposite to the force that Earth exerts on the object. Explain (in a 3-step AES) why Earths' acceleration is not equal to and opposite the object's acceleration? 23. When a tablecloth is pulled out from underneath a cup and plate, the cup and plate stay on the table. Why? Explain (in a 3-step AES) why this is using Newton's 1st Law of Motion. Part Three: Easy Problem Solving 24. What is the net force on a stapler if Ms Buick pulls it with a force of NON to the left and John pulled it NON to the right?Which way did the stapler go? 25. In a tug of war competition, Sally pulled NON east along with B obby who pulled NON east. If their opponent Tyler pulled with a force of NON and Jason NON west, who team won? 26. A owe boat is being propelled with a force of NON north by the rowers, but the water current pushes south on the boat with a force of NON. If the wind also pushes north with a force of NON, find the net force (including direction) on the boat. 27. A broken down car has a mass of 1 keg and is accelerated at a rate of 1. Mm/so by several people pushing.With what force do the people push the car? 28. A 6. Egg object undergoes an acceleration of 2. Mm/so. What is the magnitude of the net force acting on the object? 29. The net force on the propeller of a 3. Egg model airplane is 7. AN forward. What is the acceleration of the airplane? 0. A soccer ball kicked with a force of 13. AN accelerates at 6. Mm/so to the right. What is the mass of the ball? 31 . The net force on a golf cart is NON north. If the cart has a total mass of keg, what are the magnitude and direction of the cart's acceleration? 2. A car has a mass of 1. 50x103kg. If the force acting on the car is 6. Xenon to the east, what is the car's acceleration? 33. A bag of sugar has a mass of 2. Keg. Determine its mass and weight on†¦ A) †¦ On Earth b) †¦ On the moon c) †¦ On Jupiter (g-?25. Mm/so) 34. A 3. Keg briefcase is sitting at rest on a flat floor. A. What is the briefcase's net acceleration? B. What is its weight in Newton's? Part Four: Medium Problem Solving 35. Two forces are applied in the same direction to a car in an effort to accelerate it, Fl=NON, IF=301 N a.What is the resultant of these two forces? B. If the car has a mass of keg, what acceleration does it have? 36. Due to the airplanes engines a keg airplane is pushed forward with a force of NANNY, if the wind pushes back on the plane with a force of NANNY, what is the net acceleration of the plane? 37. What is the mass of a sailboat which is accelerating at mom/so that is shushed by the wind with a force o f NON and the current of water in the same direction with a force of 21 ON? 38.What is the acceleration of a keg boy and bicycle which is pedaled with a force of NON, and overcomes a frictional force of NON? (friction is always in the opposite direction of the motion) 39. A 5. Egg bucket of water is raised from a well by a rope. If the upward acceleration of the bucket is 3. Mm/so, find the force exerted by the rope on the bucket of water? (You must consider gravity in this! ) Part Five: Hard Problem Solving 40. The forces acting on a sailboat are NON north and NON east.If the boat has a mass of keg, what are the magnitude and direction of the boat's acceleration? 41 . Four forces act on a keg hot-air balloon, shown here. Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant acceleration on the balloon. Part Six: Difficult Problem Solving 42. Kathy and Jim are pulling a box of physics equipment with an acceleration of 0. Mom/so. If they are pulling with a force of NON 200 above the hori zontal, what is the mass of the box? 43. A keg box is pulled by Ms Buick with a force of NON at an angle of 250 above the horizontal. What is the acceleration of the box?

Case Study of Architect Koh Sheh-Ren

THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM Ar. Koh Sheh-Ren, graduated from University Malaya and has been working in C’arch since graduation. Other than building undertakings, she was besides involved in a preservation research undertaking sponsored by UNESCO ( LEAP ) ; Community Participation in Waqf Rehabilitation, Kapitan Keling Mosque and environing countries, George Town, Penang, Malaysia. Observation and analysis of her edifices have been done to convey an apprehension of the architect’s architectural theory, to grok personal properties that contribute to the building of architectural theory. One of her undertakings, Garden Manor has been chosen to carry on the analysis. The Garden Manor undertaking, is a residential undertaking comprises a sum of 41 units of 3 floors and 4 floor strata linked Villa. It is chosen to analyze about three external lending factors which are, architectural theory, climatic status and stuff & A ; engineering. First of wholly, the architectural theory or the construct of Garden Manor is, to make something different instead than a typical linked house unit. The typical Malaysian linked houses ever have a deep and narrow footmark, due to the commercial force per unit areas to maximize the denseness. The limited infinites or external facades for forepart and back do a dim and ill ventilated infinite in the center of the house. â€Å"Architecture is non approximately frontages, it is more than that† . The edifice challenges the typical patio layout convention with two solutions. First of wholly, have a shallower and wider floor program which provides a brighter, wider and more broad facet to every floor. Following, the interpolation of unfastened decks next to each party wall creates an extra 3rd external facade for natural lighting and airing. The attendant facade nowadayss each place as a degage unit. The design of the Garden Manor is really alone. It uses fenceless construct but with gated and restrained enclave, hence security is really tight within the country. Each place is able to suit lower limit of four autos under shadiness. Residents are pampered with epicurean clubhouse, that includes installations like swimming pools, secondary schools and many other installations. Second, the climatic facets are good considerated due to the design of the edifice. The facade is really good designed utilizing glass wall for natural sunshine. The house countenance challenges the typical patio layout by supplying 3 external frontages. It has unfastened decks and wider infinites for ample natural visible radiation and airing. Lots of gaps and tall Windowss environing the house allow the edifice to hold brighter and good ventilated infinites. It offers alone and seemless life infinite for the household. The affection and attractive aesthetics enhances the natural connexion to the land. Third, the stuffs and engineering farther enhances the design of the edifice. The stuffs used are spectacless, a pallet of fair-faced concrete and aluminum screens coatings which provide comfy tropical places in the same clip accomplishing the needed development with the denseness of 12 unit / acre. Wide frontages, with degage walls in between houses making 3 external frontages. White pigments and tiles help to make broad infinite. Glass panels and gaps allow natural illuming making alone spacial experience for the user. Theory of architecture is non the history or the pass events of architecture. History has to cover with edifices and the different manners of architecture which have already arisen throughout the clip. History is merely a description of the architectural facts. Theory has attempted to supply accounts for all the facts. It looks for grounds why the edifices look in peculiar manner and why the designers would hold chosen to plan their edifices in such ways. Reasons of why the architectural manners are altering over clip to clip and the attitudes and premises of designers which have influenced their head during some periods and led to those alterations. It besides looks at the beginnings for the thoughts of the designers during the design of their edifices. There are illustrations of motions, alterations, influences, thoughts and theories of the designers which changed the architecture class over clip such as the manner it looked and besides the manners that were used. That has made the edifices look different to what they were earlier. How architecture pattern is influenced by presenting new perceptual experiences of similar events, a new manner of looking at world and stand foring that world in reinforced signifier. In order to understand what is the theory of architecture, we should first look at what designers do in planing edifices. The chief function of architecture is to interpret societal establishments into built signifier by interpreting the complex relationships of an establishment into the linguistic communication of architecture. The relationships are between the different activities which taking topographic point within the establishment. Architects give every of these activities a physical infinite and all these infinites are arranged harmonizing to the functional relationships between the groups of activities within the establishment. Therefore, we are non merely planing facade of the edifice. We do non merely plan walls that make up a signifier. We need deeper believing procedure or planning for every phase of design particularly the planning phase. We should plan facade that is able to reflect the individuality of the edifice and the infinites. Many facets that we should take int o considerations and we besides have to join forces with others. In order to accomplish good coaction and communicating, we study about the demand of the client, the user or proprietor, and every bit good as the map of the infinite. For illustration, Garden Manor is a high terminal development undertaking which targets the upmarket. Therefore, these edifices are expected to be bought by those with position, every bit good as to be suited retirement place for retired persons who wish to hold a quiet, peaceable and elegant life style during their retirement. Following, after we study the demand infinites of the edifice, site visiting is besides a really of import measure and procedure. Different types of site analysis will be conducted to hold better apprehension of the behaviour of the site. Evaluation of potency of the site can besides be done in relation to the development plan and the environmental impact. The of import factors of the site are the location, orientation, sun way, wind way, topography, flora and environing edifices and people. The site analysis identifies the environmental and plan development restraints and chances. After the site analysis and survey about the site, we should be able to construct edifices within the site context without pretermiting the issues on site. Other than the limitations of the site, restraints from the client besides virtually help to make originative solutions to job. Because edifice contains assorted activities and they are built in assorted locations, they are needfully different to the ot hers. They will react to all their peculiar context like topographic point, clip, engineering & A ; programme. Individual edifice represent really peculiar single fortunes. For case, Garden Manor is located at Sierramas, Sungai Buloh which has been known for its natural peaceable milieus in a secured environment with booming landscape gardening and streetscaping. Garden Manor is strategically located and it is a alluring natural retreat from the interior metropolis life. Give in to our hungering for a at leisure living environment with our household. It is merely merely a pleasance to come place to. Garden Manor offers a uninterrupted, clean and unlittered life infinite for the household. The edifices are arranged on tree-lined streets. The heat and ask foring aesthetics enhances our natural association to the land. Nestled amid the environing trees and waves of the land, each edifice succeeds in making a private, yet open-plan household environment. Pedestrain paths nexus these edifices to the clubhouse and pool for easy entree. Communal life is seamlessly harmonious with our personal touches infused into the atmosphere of the places at Sierramas. Afte r the site analysis, they understand the Sun way and wind way on site. They understand the potency of holding tall Windowss and gaps to convey in natural sunshine and air for airing. Buildings are physical things and are made of stuffs. Their basic map is to supply shelter for human existences against a hostile clime despite how complicated they are. As physical enclosures they besides provide a psychological sense of security to their dwellers. Material refers to all the physical substances which are assembled and make the inside and exterior facade of the edifice. Nowadays most edifices are constructed from a monolithic sum of stuffs, each with really specific practical demands and complexness of assembly demands. For illustration, an assembly of exterior wall contains stuffs that help to forestall rain and air current, and besides thermally insulate the dwellers from outside temperatures. It structurally supports the full edifice and the connected enclosure system, supplying ideal interior and exterior coatings. Besides, windows, doors, blowholes, and other gaps as good which connect to the inside and outside of the edifice. This shows the complexness and impo rtance of the stuff choosing procedure in planing edifice. These determinations are based on a figure of carefully considered issues including symbolism, rightness, physical belongingss, and technique. Climate is besides a really of import factor to be considered in choice and assembly of stuffs. We frequently see edifices that have non taken local environmental conditions into consideration, by either retroflexing the same archetypal design, or by planing a edifice for a specific site that ignores climatic issues. The consequence is the edifice performs ill and fails to maintain dwellers comfy without outgos of inordinate energy, close complete dependance on mechanical systems to rectify hapless building determinations. Some stuffs carry specific intensions within peculiar civilizations and parts. We frequently refer to the digesting qualities of rock, or the passing nature of glass or paper. In some instances, the stuff associated with a coveted symbolic look is non available or excessively dearly-won, and another stuff is substituted to retroflex that stuff and accomplish the coveted consequence. In Garden Manor, the fair-faced concrete, glass and aluminum screens coatings creat e a feeling of tropical places. The full edifice is to the full tiled with high quality tiles, while bathrooms are furnished with high quality healthful ware and mirrors. In decision, architectural theory Acts of the Apostless as a of import map between what architects think they are making or what really they do or what they should be making. The theory assesses how good a undertaking has been done supplying the undertaking of architecture is right and accurate representation of its environment. Theory identifies the jobs occurred whenever the architecture fails to stand for its ain environment successfully. These are semantic jobs where the individuality of establishment that can non be understood or predicted by simply detecting its architectural signifier. Theory of architecture besides analyses the causes of these jobs and sometimes in some instances it offers solutions. Theory applies the same sort of critical idea to the full planetary degree of architecture, and besides to the whole of architectural production. It refers to the stylistic picks available presently and asks whether they are suited to stand for the current environment. It provide s account, historical background and context to critical issues in architecture and to current jobs. It inquiries, why things are the manner they are now. This is theory’s critical function. Mention C-arch, . ( 2014 ) . Garden Manor, Kuala Lumpur C'ARCH ARCHITECTURE + DESIGN | Architects Malaysia. Retrieved 20 June 2014, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.c-arch.com.my/index/garden-manor Koh, S. ( 2014 ) . Personal Communication. C'arch. Propwall, . ( 2014 ) . Garden Manor, Sungai Buloh. Retrieved 21 June 2014, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.propwall.my/sungai_buloh/garden_manor

The Old Man and the Sea as an Allegory: Sharks

The Old Man and the Sea as an Allegory: Sharks The novel â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea† was an allegory for Hemingway’s life, meaning the book was symbolic to Ernest’s journey and struggles. In this novel, the old man was faced with a dramatic life or death situation when he was getting chased by sharks while catching for the marlin. â€Å"The old man's head was clear and good now and he was full of resolution but he had little hope. It was too good to last, he thought. He took one look at the great fish as he watched the shark close in† (101).The â€Å"sharks† are planning to hurt him and Santiago just notices it. These sharks are symbolic to Ernest’s problems and demons as an author, as they were much like â€Å"sharks† in the fact that they caused him a lot of trouble and worry. A few of these â€Å"sharks† were his parents and his poorly received book â€Å"Across the River and Into the Trees. † For example, Hemingway ’s parents did not want him to become a writer. They wanted him to go to college and pursue a different path.His parents were like the â€Å"sharks† because just like how the sharks were trying to eat the old man, his parents were â€Å"eating† his plans and future. The critics of his were also â€Å"sharks. † Hemingway’s critics were not exactly the nicest to him about his book â€Å"Across the River and Into the Trees. † â€Å"However, O'Hara's was one of the few good reviews, with negative reviews appearing in more than 150 publications. Critics claimed the novel was too emotional, had inferior prose and a â€Å"static plot†, and that Cantwell was an â€Å"avatar† for Hemingway's character Nick Adams. (Wikipedia) Hemingway’s books are symbolic to his life, and for it to be criticized as too emotional, boring, and like a bad autobiography can be taken to heart. The critics were â€Å"sharks† because they had no mercy with Hemingway, they ate up prey (beat his book to the ground) and left nothing behind, which is cruel to his artistry and his pride. The above clearly shows that Hemingway had to deal with â€Å"sharks† as a writer, which were his parents and his critics.

Descriptive Paper About Grand Canyon

The great view of the Grand Canyon At the summit of the canyon, I can feel the clouds that are drifting are really closed to me and I can touch the clouds in the sky if I stretch my arms out. The color of sky is various from bright blue to dark blue depending on each individual’s viewpoint. Looking upward, I can see skies splashed with cotton white clouds and the peaks of the canyon are wrapping in clouds. Even though there are clouds a lot in the sky, the sun drawing water is so beautiful. There is also a small plane for tourists who want to enjoy sightseeing the scenery from the sky.The canyons stretch as far as the eyes can see. The canyons that were very deep and steep have a lot of vertical and horizontal stripes and its color is not same each other. The color of canyon is overall brown but the top part of canyon is red, the middle is yellow, and the bottom part seems to be gray or black color. I think the reason the color of the canyon looks different is the sunlight, be cause the sunlight has all different colors of light in it. As the time goes on, I can see more various colors of the canyons. Even shadow of the light also creates beautiful scenes.The view of plunging cliffs also seduces visitors far away. At the bottom of the Grand Canyon, there is a little bit huge boat floating on the river that winds its way through the valley and it seems to move little bit fast. I am gazing down on the liver leaning over the railing and thinking. I could sit and watch the river all day long for admiring the scenery. The sunlight bounced off the river and dazzled me and the canyon casts its sharply defined reflection on the river. I am thinking that the water of the river is so clear I could almost see the gravel on the bottom.Around the river, beautiful trees line the river road. Some tops of canyon are hidden from sight behind lots of trees. However, trees are more located on the bottom of the canyon than the top of it actually and the trees throw long shad ows across the enormous river. The land except for the river on the bottom is covered with all green color because of numerous trees. I am standing drinking in the peaceful landscape at the top of the Grand Canyon, admiring the view and feel my spirit seems to have been purified.I think about myself and set achievable goals with the landscape seen from the top of here. The weather is pretty good to see a view even though there is a cold wind blowing slowly. The sunshine, beautiful scenery, and the sounds of nature make me feel fresh and give energy boost. I can feel complete peace of mind while seeing manifest view. The scenery here looks like monotonous, but the scenery is beautiful beyond all description. I am so engrossed in admiring the view that I lost track of time.

Bilateral Trans-Scaphoid Perilunate Fracture Dislocation

Bilateral Trans-Scaphoid Perilunate Fracture Dislocation BILATERAL TRANS-SCAPHOID PERILUNATE FRACTURE DISLOCATION OF THE CARPUS. (CASE REPORT) Abstract: Trans-scaphoid perilunate fractures-dislocations are rare lesions. They occur in a high-energy trauma. The concomitent lesion of both wrists is exceptional. We report a case of bilateral trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocated wrist fracture in a 21-year-old man. The dislocation was treated by opened reduction and fractures by internal fixation. The functional outcome was satisfying after two years of follow-up. Introduction: Trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture-dislocations are relatively uncommon. 1 These are the most common form of the complex carpal dislocations 2,3 causing marked disruption of the carpal anatomy. Time from injury to treatment (delay in treatment), anatomic classià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cation, and open or closed nature of the injury are the major factors that determine the clinical outcome in trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture-dislocations. 4,5 Late presentation combi ned with missed diagnosis often causes critical delay in the treatment of these injuries. If the acute phase is missed, then some authors recommend alternative procedures such as wrist arthrodesis and proximal row carpectomy which are relatively mutilating surgeries that leave a significant functional deficit. 4,6,7 The acute phase is defined as the first week after injury, whereas the delayed phase is the period between the seventh and 45th day and after 45 days the injury is said to be in the chronic phase. 4 We report the case of a patient who referred to our department two weeks after the initial trauma with bilateral dorsal trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture-dislocations of the carpus. Anatomic reduction, percutaneous pin fixation of the carpus and fixation of scaphoid fractures of both wrists were performed by opened reduction under fluoroscopic control. Presentation of case: A 21-year-old, right-hand-dominant man sustained an isolated injury to his both wrists after a fall from a height of approximately 4.5 m. The carpal injuries of both wrists were missed initially and both wrists had been bandaged for two weeks after the trauma. He was referred to our department two weeks later with increasing pain. The patient reported that he fell on his outstretched hands with both wrists in extension. Both wrists were deformed in marked dorsiflexion, painful, swollen, and tender to palpation, with limitation of movement. The patient complained of paresthesia in both of his hands. On physical examination, meticulous cutaneous sensory mapping was performed of both hands to determine the area of decreased sensation. This was done with the use of the sharp end of a paperclip while applying a constant pressure. This revealed minor numbness in the median nerve distribution area of both hands (thumb, index, middle finger, and the radial side of the ring finger). The two-point discrimination was normal on both sides. The mobility of the fingers was normal but pai nful, and there was a slight decrase in grip strength of both hands. Motor power in abductor pollicis brevis and opponens pollicis muscles was full (5/5) on both sides. The Tinel’s sign was negative over the carpal tunnel in both sides. The findings of the patient led us to think that there is not any condition like acute carpal tunnel syndrome due to fracture-dislocation.We thought that the numbness of the patient was due to temporary traction injury of the median nerve caused by dislocation on both sides. The vascular status was normal on physical examination. Study of the anteroposterior, oblique and lateral plane radiographs showed that the patient had bilateral dorsal trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture-dislocations of the carpi ( Fig. 1 ). According to the classification described by Herzberg et al., the fracture-dislocations were trans-scaphoid as path of trauma and Stage 1 as displacement of capitate on both sides. 4 The patient was informed about his pathology and a dvised to undergo surgery. If possible the patient’s preference was closed treatment. Therefore, we initially recommend closed reduction and percutaneous fixation. However, if this was not possible or in the situation of a failure we informed him about the open procedure. Under general anesthesia, a closed reduction was attempted with traction manoeuvre described by Tavernier 8 under fluoroscopic control. The reduction was not satisfactory,we opted for the open reduction by posterior approach.After anatomical reduction was achieved, intercarpal fixation was applied to carpal bones using three K-wires. The first K-wire was applied to scaphoide- lunate, the second K-wire was applied to- lunate-triquetrum and the third K-wire was applied to capitatum-lunate. After the procedure, reduction and fixation of carpal bones was confirmed under fluoroscopy. The same procedure was repeated for the other wrist. We noticed that the scaphoid fracture was reduced spontaneously along with t he reduction of the carpal bones. So we performed   fixation of the left scaphoid fracture using a 3.5 mm mini Acutrak headless compression screw through the fracture line from a dorsal-proximal to a volar-distal direction. Intraoperative fluoroscopic control confirmed anatomic reduction of the scaphoid fracture.. Finally, standard radiograms were obtained and both wrists were immobilized in a short arm cast ( Fig. 2 ). The patient noted complete relief of symptoms the day after surgery. The pain and the paresthesia that the patient complained preoperatively was relieved dramatically and the function recovered. The post-operative period was uneventful. Four weeks after surgery, the casts and the K-wires were removed. New casts were applied for another 4 weeks when union was visible on radiographs. The casts were removed eight weeks after surgery. There was radiographic evidence of union of the scaphoid on the left side, but on the right side radiography revealed delayed union of the scaphoid. The patient subsequently underwent 3 months of intensive range-of-motion and muscle-strengthening exercises. Intermediate clinical and radiographic examinations were performed 6 and 12 months after surgery. At the two-year follow-up, the radiographs showed normal carpal bone relationships on both sides, complete union of the scaphoid on the left side(Fig.3). Wrist motion on the left side was excellent with 70 ° of palmar flexion, 80 ° of dorsiflexion, full supination and pronation, full radial and ulnar deviation. The right wrist could achieve 60 ° of palmar flexion and 70 ° of dorsiflexion, full supination and pronation, but with a mild decrease in radial and ulnar deviation. The grip strength of the right hand was 30 kg while that of the left side was 38 kg, measured with the Jamar dynamometer (J.A. Preston, Jackson, Michigan) . Fig.3 Right wrist and Left wrist anteroposterior and   lateral view after two-years. At the two-year follow-up, the patient was symptom-free concerning median nerve functions. The patient was free of pain on the left side. On the right side there was mild pain with wrist motions due to non-union of the scaphoid.The patient was able to perform activities of daily living and he had returned to all of his previous activities. The functional outcome was good on the left side, with a Mayo wrist score of 80/100. The functional outcome was satisfactory on the right side, with a Mayo wrist score of 65/100. Radiographs of both wrists revealed no evidence of radiocarpal or midcarpal arthritis. No osteonecrosis of the lunate or the scaphoid was evident. The lunate position was correct, without signs of instability. Anatomic relationships of the carpal bones were maintained. Discussion Carpal fracture-dislocations are rare injuries; thus their classification and treatment are rather difficult. Osseous variants of this injury are common; the trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture-dislocation constitutes 61% of all perilunate dislocations and 96% of fracture-dislocations. 4 The trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture-dislocation is an uncommon injury sustained due to force transmission through a hyperextended wrist. 9,10 These injuries may be easily overlooked or misdiagnosed. 4 After a delay in diagnosis of several weeks or months, the clinical prognosis is poor compared with injuries that are treated acutely. 11 According to the classification described by Herzberg et al., we initially diagnosed our patient in the delayed phase. 4 Regarding the literature, the management of such injuries in case of delayed presentation is rare. 12,13 Dislocation in this region requires rapid realignment, as untreated perilunate dislocation will lead to serious secondary damage. 13,14 Perilunate fracture-dislocations are high-energy injuries, produced by wrist hyperextension. 3,15 There is disruption of the palmar capsuloligamentous complex, starting radially and propagating through the carpus in an ulnar direction. 3,15 This dislocation takes a transosseous route through the scaphoid resulting in a trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture-dislocation. 10 In trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocations the fractured scaphoid is the initial destabilizing factor of the carpus. 16 Regarding the literature, we believe that the mechanism of injury in our patient was fall from a height on the outstretched hands. Treatment options currently used for perilunar instability patterns include closed reduction and cast immobilization, closed reduction and percutaneous pinning, and open reduction. As the awareness of the anatomy and biomechanics of these injury patterns has evolved, authors have tended toward treatment approaches that attempt to repair the injured intrinsic and extrinsic carpal ligaments, that is, open techniques. 4,8,11 Most authors agree that closed reduction is the initial treatment of choice for trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture-dislocations. 2,8,17 In addition, treatment often r equires intercarpal fixation within the proximal carpal row. Most authors have agreed that the key to a good clinical result in the management of trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation is the anatomic union of the scaphoid and the restoration of proper alignment of the carpal bones. 17 In this case, we prefer a opened reduction and intercarpal fixation with K-wires, as well as screw fixation of the scaphoid, because we didn’t achieve a good fracture alignment after closed reduction . Gellman et al. suggested that anatomical reductions of the scaphoid, as well as the mid-carpal joint, and the restoration of the articular surface of the lunate are the most important aspects determining the prognosis. 11 An open reduction further increases the risk of a scaphoid blood supply interruption, whereas percutaneous screw fixation of the scaphoid minimizes this risk. 3,17,18 In addition, a rigid fixation with a percutaneous screw can also reduce the immobilization period and allow for an earlier rehabilitation. Acutrak screw fixation allows earlier discontinuance of the cast than K-wire fixation. In our case, the range-of-motion exercises of the wrist were started earlier after the initial operation. The nonunion rate was relatively higher in the series that were treated by closed reduction. 19,20 In our case study the radiographs obtained two years after surgery revealed a non-union of the right scaphoid. We believe that the delay in treatment and maybe the malrotation of the scaphoid that we overlooked on the initial radiographs led to the interruption of the blood supply which was possibly responsible for the non-union of the scaphoid. Despite the non-union of the scaphoid, the functional outcome of our patient was satisfactory, with mild pain, good range of movement and good grip strength. Similarly, Herzberg et al. 4 reported that unsatisfactory radiographs did not equate to a poor clinical outcome. We planned to perform open reduction and internal f ixation with grafting for the non-union of the right scaphoid. Conclusion As the injury have led bilateral dorsal trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture-dislocations,  we therefore recommend minimally invasive techniques if an anatomical closed reduction and  a percutaneous rigid fixation of the scaphoid is achieved on the intraoperative evaluations.

Summery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 14

Summery - Essay Example This is because crime is not spread evenly across the maps. Therefore, the NIJs have to come up with a formula to map the crimes depending on the concentration of crimes (National Institute of Justice). However, different types of crime hot spots areas require different types of maps because each area has different types of crime. The report further explains the different types of crime theories, as well as, how they can be depicted on the maps. It further gives the techniques and methods used in understanding crime hot spots, as well as, spatial analysis tools that are used for identifying such hot spots. The report concludes by giving an approach to hot spot analysis. The most interesting thing about the report is that it informs the reader on how crime mapping can be used to understand patterns of recidivism and incarceration. This helps target programs and resources in evaluating crime reduction or prevention in reduction programs, as well as, understanding the causes of crime. The approach of crime mapping is important because it ensures that the NIJs understands the issues the crimes that are committed in every community and methods to go about how to resolve and reduce

Film report of Ten to chi to _ (Heaven and Earth). (VT 06718, 104 Movie Review

Film report of Ten to chi to _ (Heaven and Earth). (VT 06718, 104 mins) - Movie Review Example Kagetora, though not a pacifist, is powerfully drawn to that idea. He is shown in the film as someone with a compassionate heart and someone who cared for his people deeply. He doesn’t want his subjects to suffer and is thus thinks thoroughly before going to war. But circumstances, especially the claim to leadership of a unified Japan, greatly inspire him. It is probably for such reasons of pride than for conquest of material wealth that he engages in war with Takeda. Hence the movie offers enough detail and perspective for the discerning audience to study and learn. In the case of the portrayal of Kagetora, we learn that not all feudal lords are greedy for expanding their territory. He is not much interested in increasing his political power. In this sense, Kagetora is atypical, for he is philosophical and compassionate and is reluctant to go to war. He engages with Takeda only because he thinks the ‘ends justifying the means’. Hence the film is an informative re cord of the variety of provincial leadership styles witnessed in feudal Japan. This is useful for a student of history, for textbooks often paint a generic picture of political leadership. Ten To Chi To, on the other hand, presents feudal leadership in a nuanced and complex manner, informed as it is by the historical, philosophical and social undercurrents shaping major events in medieval Japan. Takeda is the aggressive feudal warlord who is quick to use force and intimidation to achieve his goals. He is someone who doesn’t care about cruelty to people. He represents a broader conflict that has been a theme in Japanese history for more than millennia. For example, on the on hand we have the fundamental conflict between the tradition and honor of the influential Samurai community. On the other hand is the Buddhist philosophical doctrine which disapproves of violence and killing. Hence a Samurai is a conflicted personality. But Takeda is ruthless when it comes to war and doesnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t heed to Buddhist philosophy at all. To this extent, one can say that the film is an exposition on the problems confronting religious philosophy in Japan’s feudal past. It is a reflection of religion’s inability to control aggressive human impulses that Japan was one of the main participants during World War II – a bitter and tragic episode that ended with the dropping of nuclear bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. A facet of the Samurai tradition is its upholding of honor about all else. For members of this warrior caste, valor and fulfillment of duty are of utmost importance. They would rather die than be dishonored and disgraced. One of their important duties is to protect and obey their feudal masters during their military expeditions. The honor of the Samurai depends on the upholding of duties. In the film we see numerous illustrations of courage and sacrifice on part of the Samurai as they attempt to keep their honor. It is ironic that the two opposin g camps in warfare (both composed of Samurais) are united by this common virtue. In this respect, it is fair to claim that irrespective of who wins and loses the war, it is the Samurai and his set of values that come out victorious. Though the director Haruki Kadokawa does not focus much on this aspect of feudal Japan’s culture, it is available to the careful viewer of the film. Thus, alongside insights into politics and social structures of late medieval Japan, the audience