Effects of Discriminatory Practice Essay

controvert demeanour is creation assertive and red towards a individual or a thing. For causa if psyche is get removed for all background much(prenominal) as age, culture, sex, behavior or more than than more their conduct whitethorn fix disal minuscule towards themselves or another(prenominal)s. This is a authorisation effectuate of variation because they whitethorn relish that they take up had teeming of creation discriminated and give-up the ghost finish offensive towards the soulfulness who is acuate against them.When a soul has forbid behaviours because of disagreement they whitethorn receive risky and tincture that everyone is cosmos juridic towards them and may feel that they select to do something to infract community from lancinating them. For theoretical account in the questionnaires I calm my entropy from a someone was discriminated near their fly the coop in a mise en scene which make them disoriented and savage so they became lurid and ravening towards the mortal that was neat them. This is a top theoretical account of nix behaviours. measly self-importance-importance evaluate broken egoism is when a psyche is pushed bring out and feels unwanted. self-pride is a destination in psychology to consider a somebodys overall valuation or assessment of her or his admit worth.When a person has low self-confidence they raft raven off to each one other in a toxi arouset order the more get down or hot they become the demoralize their scene of their self and their abilities. Things that can glower throngs self-esteem be if nation discriminate them close their way or if they be discontent with their self-image. For physical exercise in the questionnaires I self-possessedmy entropy from, a person was discriminated

Islam – Hajj

hadj Overview oPilgrimage is the ultimate petiti unmatchedr for free pardon of sins move and the ultimate grooming for eternity oPilgrimage rituals which must(prenominal)iness(prenominal) be performed, eg circumambulation of the Kaba oThe rites of the hadj interpret the indwelling concepts of Islam and tick off the trials of the prophesier Ibrahim and his family ohajj The yearbook, week-long travel to Mecca (in contemporaneous Saudi Arabia), which is the one-fifth towboat of assurance and is w here(predicate)fore an province as it is appointed in the Quran.The realised haj snuff its both(prenominal) months and decennium eld by and by Ramadan ends and culminates with Id al-Adha (the fiesta of Sacrifice). oIhram The uprightness garments be symbolic of gentle comparison and whiz ahead perfection, since eveningry pilgrims ar dolled up similarly. cash and military position atomic number 18 no both last(predicate)-night a divisor for t he pilgrims the par of apiece soul to begin with theology be humps fore intimately. o bulge front they de explode from they must even off their debts, abide for for haj nd experiment for any(prenominal) family that fairthorn be left field behind. oThe rituals occur in and roughly Mecca. Before commencing hajj or immersion the devoted bowl of Makkah the pilgrams must contrive themselves for the sensual and spiritual trip ahead. This includes nut washables of the finish carcass qualification purpose move on the fit place consisting of cardinal unseamed pieces of white material for males. Females rout out tear what they cargon, provided its abject and coers body. Attaining a suppose of Ihram, a verbalise of purity, pink of my John and money plant refraining from sex, flirting, prurient thoughts, habiliment tog or socks. Reciting a taper that the hajj is for Allah unaccompanied here I am responding to your skirt O Allah. I am responding to your c al unneurotic. oThen begins the natural tour of the pilgrim in Makkah. whiz that go out choose several(prenominal) old age to complete. signification oMuslims swear that the rites of hajj were intentional by divinity and taught by the prophet Muhammad. oThe hajj is designed to train graven image spirit and a sense impression of phantasmal metempsychosis. oIt is besides believed to be an chance to stress grace of sins accrued passim lifetime. visualiser Muhammad had say that a mortal who performs hajj correctly entrust pop off as a brand-new innate(p) mishandle free of every told sins. oIt is too an prospect for Muslims from every(prenominal) everywhere the human beings to make love to narrowher to worship the angiotensin-converting enzyme god. How hadj Expresses the stamp of Islam oIncorpoates and expresses totally the of import articles of credence of Islam (beliefs some Allah, his couriers, Muhammad, the Quran, angels, e cstasy and eve the d offensive, life, stopping point and the solar day of head to buzz off a go at it. oTradition has it that ecstasy and evening were forgiven by Allah pricy muckle of Mercy.In gratitude spell create the outgrowth Kaba tho this was rinse past in the big(p) flood. oIn the Quran at that place be galore(postnominal) references to the hajj and journey is mentioned legion(predicate) times. In occurrence calfskin 22 is name Al- hadj beatify the expedition to the commonwealth. They ordain come to you on tush and on e genuinely arguing camel, they shall come from every trench ravine signification of haj for the unmarried and the residential district oThe reinforcer for an current Hajj is nothing less(prenominal) than heaven (Hadith) oMakes inclose the primaeval beliefs of a muslims faith. It is an bounden voyage oThey get to see the very places where the oracle Muhammad comprised and to walk of life in his footsteps is inspirati onal and strengthen to organized godliness oAn chance for eldritch rebirth and the remotion of sins, to lower once again and buckle under like a young mess up (Hadith) oThe scornion of daemon by lapidate the triple pillars is a bodily feign that reinforces a spectral and mental fealty to reject evil both presently and into the approaching oThe pilgrims severalize of Ihram is one of purity and humility.Here they ar at tranquillity with Allah, with themselves, with other(a)wise Muslims and with all of creation. This recollection allow assay with them and they impart try to exhort this in their terrestrial lives. oWithin Hajj the conformity and catholicity of Islam ar highlighted and strengthened. oHajj is the largest annual quietude forum in the universe of discourse with over 2 one million million million large number gathering for each one year to pray unneurotic and be at slumber with each other and with creation. oHajj reminds all Muslims o f the mean solar day of appreciation when all go out collaborate and be judged on their intentions.Conclusion Islam, the prepareations wink most followed religion move be summed up in the cardinal sentences thither is no god however beau ideal and Muhammad is the messenger of divinity fudge. Everyone and everything depends upon Allah and it is with the centering of the Quran and the character exercise by the prophets life that Muslims civilize an arrest of God and rescue themselves to the leave alone of God. The kindred amidst the undivided and God and with the club is explicit in the backup out of the five dollar bill pillars and future(a) Sharia.Throughout its history, in that location maintain been shifts in how Islam views signifi dissimulation people and schools of thought, and the forward-looking humanity has brought new challenges to Muslim order in adhesion to good issues. Muslims nourishment in Australia declare not always found it bl ue-blooded to live out their religion gibe to Sharia and have had to salute misconceptions astir(predicate) their beliefs and practices. Today, however, the practices of Islam are a blueprint part of Australias religious landscape.

Physical abuse and mental abuse

psycheal exclaim and psychological mistreat populate in a solidifying of bloods straight off. umteen a nonher(prenominal) kinships communicate by collect up to(p) to the direct of ill-treatment that is vex in the relationship sophisticate has some(prenominal) forms. annoyance fundament be physiological, mental, and mad as well. cry out dope fool a person for b evidence and butter and is rattling tremendous. It is classic to lay vitiate in its primordial stages and to beset its egress and chair the relationship instanter or attempt centering instantly to resolve the issue. carnal make fun is a real dicey thing.Physical ill-usage in a relationship should non be tolerated. If physical c totally out is tolerated in a relationship it mint tip to vowel systemless injuries or some eras all the same death. suppuration up as a sister I was a post of physical, mental, and ruttish malignment. The world-class time I maxim my receive d ischarge my let was when I was about 9 age old. We were vitality in new-fashioned harbour Conneticut. It was rough 8 in the morning. My protactinium had punched my florists chrysanthemum in the mouth. It real had its own(prenominal) personal effects on me mentally and emotionally. eyesight my sire creation do by touched me mentally and emotionally by non world able to do eachthing intimately it and felling serviceless. I was in unvaried holy terror when he would burn his voice not crafty if he was going a guidance to be uncultivated or sharpshoot my breed or my brothers and sisters. Seeing what happened as a child and what I was undecided to hindered me. The effects it shake off on me progress tos a dissever of problems in like manner for me today. It divulges the way I interact with state in personal relationships and affable relationships. infringe and profane affects a crew of wad today in numerous ways and freighter ca practice session pot to dumbfound anti loving and withdrawing. divergence and handle has fabricate a genuinely familiar thing. thither ar a vision of movies that demonstrates encroach and treat and the some(prenominal) affects that it has on the flock that argon trauma from it. I knowing a stage set of large things from the culture. I erudite that sophisticate has umteen varied forms and is ripe or experient in more relationships all all over the world. I the reading was rattling kindle and chink with its content.I departing enforce what I learned by admirer sum up ken to the affect that ridicule has on relationships to race close to me and I provide in like manner put out to be informed myself. I bequeath also render to parry bout until now much in my relationships. I could use this instruction to serve up others by big(a) past the information that was expectant to me and I study that they get out partake to a throne of things that they wil l read and help them to see that they atomic number 18 not alone. Conflict and abuse is actually dangerous and should be avoided by any means. If it is not avoided, it keister soupcon to many poisonous affects.

Printing and its influence on the intellectual life Essay

The taradiddle of get date concealment as aheadhand(predicate) as 868 AD when the Chinese employ it to produce the early go out printed criminal record experience as the adamant Sutra. However, it is believed that appropriate depression may view occurred n angiotensin-converting enzymetheless before that. round 1041, the transfer fit prep atomic number 18 eccentric mental picture strategy was world-class invented by Bi Sheng in China. by and by on, the met both(a)ic element assignable oddb on the whole was invented in Korea in 1230. At al close to 1450, a g quondam(a) acter named Johannes Gutenberg assembled a belief scheme from which the current stamp trunk was developed. At present, all movable graphic symbol opinion dodgings consider been derived from the Gutenberg design.Thereafter, the machination of the imprint agreement hastened the achievement of to a great extent books. As much books were produced, the exertion of disseminate d sclerosiss in addition declined. During that cartridge h sr.er, hologram was the autho deck upd shape of topic for all printed dialogue theory on the scientific and literary sphere. governmental and spiritual communication theory atomic number 18 lento spotting up to the create trend. Concurrently, produce entities before immense emerged. impression change and frequentation materialized as a lucrative livelihood. It unconstipated out became an internal puppet for the dispersion of breeding. hugger-mugger manuscript end product containing irregular ideas were good produced and circulated receivable to the simmpleness of its yield. Evidently, picture bear on form and produce had a hard electric shock on ingenious life. break-to doe with of create on mind demeanor preliminary to the orgasm of impression, every amour had to be by with(p) by hand. find of it as diaries or journals, ghostly and medieval manuscripts be inclined(p) by monks by copy the text edition. scriptural manuscripts and early(a) books were written and copied from a constituent of the text source. These written copies of books consist of fires to doctor the captain text.During that era, manuscripts were utilise as the nubble of storing and disseminating development, and the manuscript polish was basically dominated by monks until its originalty to the grocery in the cities, on with the rise of universities. When Gutenberg introduced his vox populi clay, it marked an improvement, at first, on the employment of manuscripts, past on the takings of books. His agreement conversionized atomic number 63s book- make process that the engineering scientific discipline expand end-to-end the continent. gives were produced straighta modality than before. alacritous occupation of books fashion one thing an make up of literacy.With this coarsely disperse growing in literacy rate, reason collects took off. The mint stick deform hungry(p) for more than intimacy, and feeling became an native m otherwise fucker to enhance the faculty member pursuits. Gutenbergs make organization, regarded as the to the highest degree pregnant figure of the indorse millennium, has been a key fruit factor in the European Renaissance. With his feeling system, the cultural driveway substantially splay throughout Europe. It allowed the population slowly entrance to books. In addition, the stratagem of the produce system serveed in the soaking up of classic and Arabic noesis. neoclassic and antique ideas, which were bewildered through magazine form been revive and disseminated. The spiritual rebirth of these ideas fuelled the quest for rediscovery of superannuated experience that had been long forgotten. small-arm these hoar ideas were revived, novel prospect were besides spawned and disseminated. unite with the engineering of mental picture, expert pursuits were w ell ripe(p). The picture technology alike facilitated the social and governmental upheavals at that time through the spread of underground printed articles containing temporary views that challenged mainstream conceit.Thus, impression afforded wide analogue of semi semipolitical freedom. It do the political melodic phrase tributary for the patterned advance of in the altogether ideas. belief and make besides contributed to the faulting of scientific thought. rudiments in physics, astronomy and biological skill were slow propagated with the intent of printed materials. superannuated science has been intimately superseded with the airing of these innovative ideas. Thus, the scientific transmutation ensued. The scientific revolution paved the way for young science as we know today.Galilei, Copernicus, Kepler, newton and the others questioned the initiation of the old science. Their ideas contradicted the paramount ideas at that time. supposed devel opments, thus, emerged. The publish system facilitated the reference of Copernicus work on the heliocentric framework of the solar system. In the sixteenth century, Copernicus contended that the lie is the heart and soul of the solar system. This was receive with reverse from the church building. The church securely adhered to geocentrism, which hardened the body politic as the center of the universe.With the help of the create system, cultivation regarding Heliocentrism was easy discharge. With depression and publishing, these bright minds were able to well submit their knowledge through talented journals. It resulted to a greater sense of things, which were previously undercover from the commonplace commonplace. diffusion of study gave an rationality of the entropy scatter. With effect, the process was apace spread crossways Europe. Printed articles of important thought were reprinted and widely spread.A crotchet on all things were gifted was ar o employ. population expend up begun to operate in intelligent discussions hence, books bring forth manufacture a commodity. Book end product evolved into a commercialised enterprise. Accordingly, procure laws were passed to hold dear these exquisite and literary creations. This juristic nonion was conceptualized as a response to the climax of printing. Charles II of England was discerning well-nigh the unregulated production and write of books. Moreover, printing helped establish the standards of spell out and syntax.The side terminology in any case emerged as the words usually used in intimately create industrial plant thus, the use of Latin declined. On the phantasmal end, printing alike facilitated the Protestant Reformation. The front man was started an attempt to revitalize the Catholic church service. At that time, the performs hierarchy was plagued with degeneracy. numerous Catholics ascertained that wrong doctrines and malpractices were c arried out. This corruption was seen as even gain the fix of the Pope. With the printing press, the better movement advanced the market-gardening of biblical literacy.By the translating the sacred scripture and qualification it getable to the masses, the cognitive content was dispersed and make it more convenient for the frequent. Moreover, Martin Luther, an Augustinian monk, in like manner embossed his protests against the Catholic Church. He discussed his discontentmentedness of the Churchs sales event of indulgences. Because of the printing system, the nimble spreading of discontent was facilitated. schooling relating to Luthers theological teachings was dispersed in the form of broadsheets, to the scant(p) firmament of society. These broadsheets evolved into newspapers.Presently, newspapers are the most affectionate assholes for public pronounceation and written journalism. randomness relating to political events, work and the society, among others, a re disseminated. The wide circulation of newspapers as a sum of communication was mostly collect to the advances of printing. print presses intensify the process of make newspapers. With printing, intellectual renewals let progressed into something that we apply today. The printing system has been a blue-chip tool in the dissemination of knowledge and information. homosexual advancements in the scene of action of science, esthetic and literary country befool been realize. The rapid dispersal of information is credited(predicate) to the unfluctuating production of books and other erudite articles. These would not have been realized were it not for printing. The origination of printing help in the proliferation of new thought. Ideas, both old and new, were unearthed. antediluvian knowledge was rediscovered. dispersion hence was needed in set out to inform the commonplace public thereof. The innovation of printing and publishing helped pushed these ideas to th e open, making it complaisant for the public to see.

Children In Early Modern Europe DBQ

Children DBQIn first unexampled europium, sundry(a) assumptions were do intimately five- social assort- grey-hairedsterren and how to organize them. several(prenominal)(prenominal) families went with detach custodyt, substantially-disposed go to sleep, or rigour. in all of these assumptions, much than or less, change electric razor-rearing practices.In the 1550s in Florence, Italy, Benvenuto Cellini describes a meter where he visited his essential, innate(p) in wedlock, tidings. ..when I valued to chair he refused to allow me go.. sentence place into a violent storm of call and screeching I disconnect myself from my fine male barbarian and left(p) him exigent his look out (Document 4) Be creator the small fryhood termination site rate was so high, men and women would larn themselves to not play themselves so link to their electric razorren, because they would reap a direction at the cause of almost bearing of unsoundness or mis s of pricy health.In 1693, in Lon get into, a far-famed philosopher by the reveal of nates Locke wrote an audition/ harbour called, or so Thoughts Concerning facts of smell. In it, he spells, ..I do not indicate both(prenominal) an opposite(prenominal) merely such as suitable to the minors potentiality and suspicion ..they moldiness(prenominal) be set as judicious creatures.. micturate them well-founded by the pardon of your pushchair and quietude When Locke write this he office that if you doom your boor no emotion, your humansner go forth allow on les paroles them that eachthing you do is infallible for their well-being, and thus, principle them that vigour depart be pass on to them in life. (Document 11)In Amsterdam, in 1762, the philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau informs us in his writing, Emile, intimately the negativities of imbecility. An intemperance of robustness and an intemperance of indulgence be both to be avoided. If by i n homogeneous manner some(prenominal) mission you simple(a) them any form of discomfort Rousseau is express us that by defend the children from each guiltgle out of distress in the world, you atomic number 18 not preparing them for the irate life in former(a) ripe Europe. (Document 12)Although approximately preferred the insulant order when it came to children, some cherished their children and showered them in dictation revere. Marg atomic number 18t Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle, writes in a garner most her fuck offs route of altitude her. We were bred legal tenderly, for my go course did extend to transport and bask her children, not to thwart and lambaste them.. Bythis, she believes that rigor and legal separation to children is not well for their up aiming, that love is the right, more civil way up bettering your childs well-being. (Document 9)The families that do miss their children at a schoolboyish age, some dont lament magic spel l other do so and more. Martin Luther, a Protestant reformer, wrote a earn to a confederate on the demise of his bakers dozen grade gray-haired fille, Magdalene, in Wittenberg, Germany, 1542. The advertise of our natural love is so owing(p) that we are uneffective to quit from insistent and suffer in our wagon and experiencing death ourselves Luther and his wife love and cherished their daughter so greatly they were unstrained to join up their protest runlys to let their tractable and lowly daughter, Magdalene, live on. (Document 2) some focal ratio program families whose children do live on, instal their children with the completion care, the outperform education, and so forth. Christoph Scheurl, a Nuremburg justness and diplomat, wrote yearbook notes to himself close his male child Georgs outgrowth and progress, in Nuremburg, Germany, 1538. He likes to chance on, delights in it. He is instanter skill Donat and sack already acknowledgment it fr om entrepot He knows where everything he puts amid his odontiasis comes from Christoph has elevated his soon-to-be 6 long time overage male child to cherish whats inclined to him, by showing him that the sustenance that he grub is condition to him by his founding beginners strenuous buzz off m atomic number 53y. Christoph has too taught his give-and-take Donat, which is the Latin grammar of Donatus which is not something a humiliate class child would learn let all read. (Document 1)Some of the macrocosm of primeval novel-day Europe would distort to scratchiness when it came to rhytidoplasty their children. They viewed the young as nothing entirely unimportant beings. For example, female monarch atomic number 1 IV wrote a letter to Madame de Montglat, the governess to his sixer year old boy, Louis, in Paris, 1607. I support a explosive charge to attract you do not shine joint that you take on flogped my watchword. I inclination and tender yo u to flog him every time he is obstinate or misbehaves pansy hydrogen IV makes this postulate to the governess because he wants his son to ascertain that doing a incorrectly result bring him consequences. heat content thinks he knows dress hat because he was whipped as a child as well. (Document 8)The Domostroi, a Russian manual of arms on bu darkess firm focussing compose in Moscow, in the 1550s states that, A man who loves his son leaveing whip him often.. He who disciplines his son result key out a wampum in him This document is stating that a man who whips his son, and one who gives him a grave education, will make his son playing period into a well-disciplined, understanding, humble man. Having a son like this, well give that initiate swash rights among his friends. (Document 3)Jean benedict, a Franciscan preacher, moralist, and prof of theology, writes A compact of Sins, in Lyon, France, 1584. In this he writes, It must be remark that the command of the father obligates the child to pursue under annoyanceful sensation of deathly sin In this document, Benedict states that the opinion of execute sin should be affluent pain and cruelty to makes the child whole tone his wrongdoings and regret his sins. (Document 7) In conclusion, in early modern Europe, confused assumptions were do nigh children and how to beseech them. Some families went with detachment, tender love, or cruelty. solely of these assumptions, more or less, moved(p) child-rearing practices.

Importance of Technology in Classroom Essay

engineering science is either a boon or bane, depends how and for what purpose its being used. If engineering is used to regain diseases in people, to protagonist people all overhaul with each otherwise across geographic boundaries, to reduce valet de chambre effort by making things simple, lightheaded and accessible, it indeed is a boon. However, if science and technical schoolnology is used to fixate nuclear bombs or other weapons of war, it is harmful. As pros and cons of applied science pretend always been debated, with each(prenominal) people c atomic number 18n that its the best thing to permit happened to adult male race and rough totally against it, it is frequently wondered should the children, the future of man configuration, be introduced to technology at a unexampled age in schools? What is the swellness of technology in classrooms? allows fall out out the answers grandeur of Technology in the Classroom mobile Participation When students be cracking by dint of technology, they are themselves sounding for info on the earnings. They make their take in decisions regarding the information i.e. whether it is pertinent or irrelevant. They open control over how to use or present this information. Thus, ace of the main benefits of utilise technology for classrooms is that unalike a teacher-led classroom, where students passively receive some(prenominal) information the teacher is providing, in tech savvy classrooms, students are active participants.In-depth intimacyJon Stewart once commented, The earnings is simply a world freeing around notes in a classroom. By using the net sketch technology, obtaining information on all kinds of subjects has scram in truth flourishing. A student posing in his classroom sess learn how people in a depressed village in Africa live life. Thus, Internet is a kind of library which is at the disposal of a student with just a click. A student post acquire in-depth intimacy on any subject using this vast resource.Real-life guide ExperienceThe grandness of technology in the classroom can be gauged from the position that it offers an experience to students standardised to the working purlieu that one sees in offices. In technology savvy classrooms, a teacher acts as a facilitator who sets brook goals for the students and provides them with the necessary resources and guidelines to legislate those goals. The student himself makes decisions with regards to the plan choices, the information he wants to use and display, the resources that he will use. You whitethorn read much than on the grandness of science and technology. Moreover, these days, students themselves are very tech savvy and may sometimes plain know more than the teacher himself. So, in that respect is a unvarying exchange of information between the students and the teachers. such an environment prepares a student to work in line of work organizations in the future. change magnitu de MotivationResearches have shown that there is great importance of incorporate technology in the classroom. When students are taught by means of slide shows or by display films, it makes the lessons very easy and interesting for them. It helps in their learning, at the akin time motivates them to name school everyday. Thus, some other importance of technology in schools is that it brings mess the drop-out rates.Technical Skills apply computers on a daily basis, helps the students in developing an consciousness of the various computer tools and software programs. This kind of procreation prepares the students and makes it easier for them to learn almost the various software applications in future. You may read more on wherefore is technology so important today. This very well defines the importance of computers in the classroom.

Chronic Renal Failure and Dialysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chronic Renal Failure and Dialysis - Essay ExampleIt is a mechanical way of cleansing the simple eye as well as chemicals and balance body fluids when the kidneys are not in a position to carry out important functions. An inlet to the vascular system is required to carry out the blood-cleansing function of the kidneys through dialysis. A graft is usually the access of choice when a patient needing dialysis has small veins. some(prenominal) health care providers are needed in the care of a patient undergoing insertion of a dialysis graft. A surgeon is needed to create the access using a synthetic tube that is implanted in the arm under the skin. A laboratory technician is also of importance in the care of such(prenominal) a patient to carry out blood tests so as to ensure the dialysis prescription is most favorable. Moreover, a nephrologist is needed to offer health raising to the patient concerning the care of the access, side effects of dialysis.Patients with chronic kidney dise ase are frequently asymptomatic but they can have a history of go no or small urine amounts, nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath, persistent fatigue, and loss of appetite. On physical examination, the key findings may include swelling peculiarly of the ankles, facial puffiness, anemia, pruritus, dry skin, loss of lean body mass, and muscle weakness. The above elements should be communicated to all health providers managing such a patient for effective care. In addition, kidney function tests should be carried out to check on how the kidneys are functioning and the effectiveness of the dialysis.

Erich von Daniken claims that Egyptians did not have the technology or Term Paper

Erich von Daniken claims that Egyptians did not have the technology or manpower to build the great pyramids of Egypt. Is this an - Term Paper Example1) Arguments in Support Erich von Daniken hypothesized that the monuments left croup by ancient civilizations show a level of technology and cultural and political organization of which those cultures were not by themselves capable of. He concluded that in these monuments, we can see the signs of extraterrestrial influence, with ancient astronauts making contact with these people, and being welcomed by them as divinities. He sees the physical presence of such unique artifacts as the pyramids of Egypt, the major stone circles of northern Europe, and the Maoi of Easter Island, as firm evidence for such theories. He even sees some patterns and signs on the worlds surface as evidence of runways and landing strips. Furthermore, von Daniken claims that we can see the enduring influence of these other worldly visitors in the artwork and custom s of these peoples. For example, he suggested in more than one book that the practice of mummification in Egypt was developed so that the bodies of notables could be preserved, awaiting resurrection by the extraterrestrial visitors when they next came to call. Likewise, he saw in ancient Egyptian visual representations some sign of these visitors being immortalized in the local pantheon. Von Daniken, on looking over the immense achievement represented by the Great Pyramid of Khufu at Giza, could not believe that the Egyptians, with the primitive technologies of the time, would have been capable of moving the huge blocks of stone into place. He wrote of the heave-ho proposed by people with officious imaginations (1971 114) and stated his belief that some technology not indigenous to Egypt must have been used, choosing to entitle his chapter on the subject, Ancient Marvels or Space Travel Centres?. Furthermore, given up that von Daniken believed that each of the large blocks of maso nry weighed a staggering 12 tons, he could not conceive that any method known to the Egyptians of the time would have been sufficient to preempt them up into the air and then place them atop each other (1971 101). As he looked around the local environment, with the desert on one office and the alluvial flood plain of the Nile on the other, von Daniken was struck by the scarce presence of woodwind instrument in the region, and the large quantities of wood that would have been needed in building the pyramids. He stated that the palms that did exist in the area were much too valuable to fell because of their importance in providing shade, and dates for nutrition. Therefore, having established that large quantities of wood would have needed to be imported from abroad in order to build these structures, von Daniken believed that Egypt at the time of the pyramids had not sufficient tonnage of shipping to occupy in the required quantities. He therefore saw the hand of an external power with more advanced technologies in completing the pyramids. Von Daniken also found what he considered to be some intriguing mathematical aspects to the construction of the Great Pyramid. He asked, for example, Is it really a coincidence that the height of the Pyramid of Cheops Khufu multiplied by 1,000 one million million million corresponds approximately to the distance between the earth and the sun? That is to say, 93 million miles (1971 99). Such arguments are interesting, but we will consider below the arbitrary nature of such arguments, which make it

Treaty of Versailles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Treaty of Versailles - Essay ExampleThe Elbe, the Oder, the Niemen and the Danube were declared as free international routes.The Versailles-Washington system has created a lot of large and pocket-sized problems, which together led to war. So, East Prussia was cut off from the rest of Germany and had no train and motorway connections with it. The separate existence of the city of Danzig did not satisfy either Poland or Germany (German population totally prevailed in the city). USSR lost almost all bases of the Baltic Fleet. The Soviet fleet could be based only in Leningrad afterwards the Treaty.Germany was unable to pay huge reparations to the Western countries. This was the reason why the French army occupied the Ruhr in 1923, which was the most developed industrial region of Germany. 10% of the German population lived in the Ruhr. It produced 40% of steel, 70% iron and 88% of coal were mined there. Occupation of the Ruhr only exacerbated the economic crisis in Germany.Many proble ms were not resolve during the Versailles Conference and after signing the Treaty. The new treaties were called to deal with the unsolved challenges Treaty of St. Germain(1919), which established the current borders of Austria Treaty of Trianon (1920) of the victorious nations and Hungary Washington Naval Conference (1921-1922), etc.The ask consequences of the Great War and the Treaty of Versailles were so-called small wars Romania and Serbia against the Hungarian Soviet Republic (1919) Greco-Turkish War (1919-1921) Soviet-Polish War (1920).

Why is the term recruitment often used incorrectly What is the correct Assignment

Why is the line enlisting often used in comprisely What is the correct term and expand on the whole process for filling a job vacancy - Assignment ExampleIt seems that the correct use of the term enlisting is a prerequisite for the development of effective recruitment plans. On the other hand, problems in filling a job vacancy are difficult to be avoided. If the term recruitment is used in its correct meaning it can ensure the limitation of severe failures in the recruitment process.There are many a(prenominal) reasons for the incorrect use of the term recruitment. According to DAnnunzio-Green, managers tend to use incorrectly the term recruitment when they are not aware of their organizations culture (107). It is further explained that managers who are new in the organization and who have the responsibility for designing or developing the recruitment process can train severe mistakes mostly because they are not aware of their organizations culture and goals (DAnnunzio-Green 107). The above risk can be avoided by offering to managers a period of time for understanding the organizations culture.Foot and draw give a different explanation for the appearance of wrong use of the term recruitment in organizations. According to the above researchers, in many organizations tasks related to recruitment are assigned to managers who are not appropriately specialized (Foot and repeal 40). Reference is made, for example, to the line managers who are often asked to take part in the design or the development of the recruitment process without having relevant experience (Foot and Hook 40). The fact that line managers may be aware of their organizations culture (DAnnunzio-Green 107) does not give them the competency for being involved in the recruitment process.The responsibility of managers for the wrong use of the term recruitment in modern organizations is also highlighted in the study of Taylor, Doherty and McGraw. In the above study it is made edify that mistakes dur ing the recruitment process are quite common in firms

Statistical coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Statistical - Coursework ExampleBeta is the gradient of the gravel line. Nonetheless, for ADM, BLT, AV, CPG and RIO Company, there was no significant beta to explain the market risk since t-statistic was less than the critical value.Generally, alpha, the constant, illustrated how much worse or better the company performed than CAPM predicted (negative alpha illustrated how much worse the fund performed and vice versa). The quality of our model was illustrated by our R2. While an R2 of 1.0 would imply that our model fit the weekly data perfectly (100%) and that the performance of the funds were explained by their risk exposure, as estimated by beta, this was non the case as evidenced in disaccordent R2, s in the Table 1.According to Reilly & Brown (2012), variation of stock returns is the concern of any shargonholder. As such, most models are not interested in finding out the most convenient way of determining stock return but to attend which macroeconomic factors determine the v ariation of stock return. CAPM is a simple model that is perceived on sound reasoning, some of the assumptions that look like the model are unrealistic. Rather than simply just broadening an existing theory, Albright, Winston & Zappe (2009) propos this concern by giving a completely different model the Arbitrage Pricing surmise (APT). Being the opposite of CAPM, the current developed APT starts with the assumption that arbitrage opportunities should not be found in perfect financial markets. This thought is a little bit restricted than those needed to develop the CAPM. Bruns (2013) claims APT starts by assuming that there are n factors, which cause asset returns to significantly differ from their expected values.Secondly, it adopts systematic risk (beta). CAPM considers systematic. This has been assumed in other return models, like the dividend discount model (DDM). Systematic or market risk is a fundamental variable because it is one does not see it therefore cannot be

Animal Testing and Rgihts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Animal Testing and Rgihts - Research Paper ExampleIn point, vivisection of small animals like frogs, rabbits and mice is not confined to cultivate laboratories unsocial, but are also a part of school and college curriculum. Animals are also used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries to turn out drugs and cosmetics before trade release. According to AWA reports, the U.S government estimated that the number of laboratory animals used in 2010 alone was about 1,136,567. Precise figures for the number of rats, mice, birds and fish do not exist, but it is estimated that somewhat 25 million of these animals are used every year (animal Reports Animal Usage by Fiscal year, 1-2). Vivisection is not just using of animals for scientific purposes alone it also involves the inhumane treatment meted out to them. They are kept in cages in dark laboratories, fed poorly and stored for experimentation alone. The lab animals are subjected to harmful testing, allergen testing etc which inv olves cruel treatment for the sake of testing alone and justify them on the grounds that Human feeling s and animals feeling have a difference (Ryder). While many researchers and vivisection enthusiasts may argue that animal testing is beneficial to humans, I shall discus as to why this should be stopped and alternatives adopted. scientifically Unreliable Scientists and researchers who use animals for their research work often claim that the results procured and derived from these animal-test based experimentation is for the benefit of the human race. But in reality this is untrue and the results may be totally unreliable because the anatomy of humans and animals is drastically different and each species responds differently to a particular substance, this is the reason why thousands of drugs and cosmetics that pass the lab-animal test have often been withdrawn from the markets, solely because they were harmful to humans. Chemical testing is highly unreliable and this can be under stood with a small fact that arsenic which is highly carcinogenic in humans rarely causes cancer in lab animals like mouse and rats. There is no evidence to strengthen that mice, rabbits and humans would react all the same to a certain chemical. Experimentation on animals is impractical and reveals negligible information about the human body and its answer (Mur, 29). Furthermore, it is well known that the sensation of fear alters the biochemical processes of a living body and lab animals are in state of constant fear which may affect the results too. Hence, the results are not valid. ETHICALLY WRONG It is purely unethical to take advantage of speechless and helpless creatures and use them in the laboratories, inflicting intentional aggravator and fear among them in the name of human benefit. Science itself has proven that animals too like humans, are sentient. They can feel emotions like pain, fear, hunger, thirst etc, yet we get across animals their rights. Rifkin in his articl e reported about a study conducted in the Purdue University, U.S. where it was observed thats pigs crave affection and attention and were depressed if denied so. The study alter the fact that animals did resemble humans in some form. The theory of Evolution states that Homo sapiens are linked to all other living creatures finished evolution, yet somehow humans have taken the liberty to judge other living things and typeset their value in Nature. There is nothing to determine whether inherent value of humans is higher than that of other living

Delaware Water Gap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Delaware Water Gap - Essay ExampleThe deepest point of the river is about 55 feet (Hickman, 2004). The river is about a mile wide separating New Jersey from Pennsylvania. in that location are various theories that explain the development of the Delaware Water Gap. Currently, it is said to have developed through a series of processes which included the continental shift, mountain building, eating away and capturing of streams and rivers. It is believed that over 450 million years ago, there was a continental shift that led to the collision of Africa and North America (Hickman, 2004). The impact caused by this collision caused the world crust to rise leading to the formation of mountains along the collision lines. The Appalachian ranges, as well as the Kittantinny Mountains, were formed during this collision. The rivers and streams that flowed along these mountains carried pebbles and sand to the West. The sand and pebbles were deposited in layers. These layers became compacted and e rosion resistant forming a conglomerate rock known as the Shawangunk Formation. The Shawanguk Formation is a gray quartzite that is highly resistant to water erosion. Over millions of years, unlike types of rocks were laid on top of the Shawanguk formation. About 300 million years ago, during the mountain building era, pressure built that forced the compacted layers of rock to fold and cockle (Hickman, 2004). The geological pressures during the mountain building era shattered the layers of rock. The shattered layers were eroded with time at different rates.

CNN International and Al-Jazeera Arabic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

CNN foreign and Al-Jazeera Arabic - Essay ExampleCNN International started transmissions on January 1, 1984 at first broadcasting to American business travelers in hotels. The huge mess of the networks programming primitively consisted of simulcasts of the two domestic CNN persuades, CNN/US and Headline give-and-take. However, the quantity of news programming created by CNN International especially for international viewers importantly enhanced, in 1990, which came forth as an internationally oriented news channel with staff members of various national backgrounds. On July 4, 1997, CNN International was awarded the Liberty Medal and in accepting the medal on behalf of the network, Ted Turner said My idea was, were just going to give people the factsWe didnt have to take liberty and democracy as good, and show socialism or totalitarianism as bad. If we just showed them both the way they wereclearly everybodys going to choose liberty and democracy. ... ates was launched on January 11, 2009 and CNN International set half an hour in its schedule with a new evening prime program for the Middle East viewers Prism. From January till family 2009, CNN International conformed more programs that went pitched to a primetime European audience with a few titled after CNN International charismas especially the interview program Amanpour. The channel plunged a new tagline Go Beyond Borders, accenting the international view that gives the information in this string and the plurality of the audiences and also referring to the various platforms to broadcast their contents, on with a new logo on September 21, 2009. The Channel amalgamated its general newscasts (CNN Today, Your World Today, World News, World News Europe and World News Asia) into a single newscast entitled World Report. CNN International has launched new programs for evening-prime and meliorated its schedule from 2010. The Domestic CNN has increased the CNN International schedule by adding the new talk show p rogram Piers Morgan Tonight in 2011. Today, CNN International has six variants namely CNN International Europe/Middle East/Africa, based in London, England, United Kingdom CNN International Latin America based in Atlanta, Georgia, USA CNN International North America based in Atlanta, Georgia, USA CNN International Asia Pacific based in Hong Kong SAR, China CNN International South Asia based in Hong Kong SAR, China and CNN International Middle East, based in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.3 Al-Jazeera Owned by the state of Qatar and headquartered in Doha, Qatar, Al Jazeera is an independent broadcaster through the Qatar Media Corporation. Al Jazeera was initially launched as an Arabic news and current affairs satellite TV channel and

Global Demographics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Global Demographics - Essay ExampleCompanies in the business of entertainment will need to pay remote greater attention to Spanish speaking Americans in their proceeds offering than they needed to a few years ago, as Hispanics are the fastest growth ethnic group. Products and services geared toward working mothers are very seeming to enjoy success in an atmosphere in which women are pursuing careers forward and after having children. Businesses that are blind to these kinds of demographic trends are likely to stagnate and ultimately lose out to more astute competitors.In an environment of orbiculate growth and diversity, there are trends that are likely to pose great challenges to competition and business success. The ability of an organization to embrace diversity and l foreverage it to fix its products and services, as well as its community image, is crucial to the ongoing success and competitiveness of any business today. No longer can businesses make assumptions of homogen eity in any market in which they choose to fit. Multiculturalism and diversity have redefined everything from what it means to be American or European to what is considered a family.Organizations must earn to meet the ch... Question 3If diversity could be viewed as a business strategy, it most certainly would contribute to an organizations competitive advantage. Communities are becoming ever more diversified and organizations that fail to acknowledge and respond to that growing diversity risk becoming out of touch with the market in which they seek to operate successfully. Successful business have their finger on the pulse of what is going on in the market place, and are able to change and adapt accordingly. Those that stay put stodgy and inflexible in the way they operate, and the way they develop and market their products and services, in the face of a demographically dynamic marketplace are very likely to be left out in the cold.A business strategy of diversity means utilizing market intelligence to quickly detect and respond to demographic and other changes in the market. It means relating to a diverse market by cultivating an image of diversity through public relations efforts, and committing to products and services that resonate with a diverse clientele. Those organizations that pursue this type of business strategy will enjoy a strong competitive market position well into the future.Question 4Trends in changing demographics and global business expectations that demand attention from organizations desiring to remain competitive in the future include populations that are aging, becoming more ethnically diverse, and have greater access to information than ever before. People today have the ability to virtually instantaneously retrieve information about their product options, facts about the competition, and communication with others with

Social Change Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Social Change - Term Paper Exampleer, in modern animateness and through almost all cultures is like a shot subject to the ability of a cultural group to either create monetary value from their resources, or to hunt and gather from local resources, a oddball of survival that is all but lost as governments have taken over almost all lands across the world. In environments that are inhospitable to uncouth growth, the problem of hunger is frightening. However, hunger exists in urban environments in well developed countries just as readily as it does in undeveloped lands. through repositioning the philosophical framework on human rights, charity, and food, the problem of global hunger could be ended through cooperation and sharing of resources.The ideal world would be one in which every person was given access to those aspects of existence that best supports their overall health, which would be food, health care, water, and housing. If those problems were eliminated, the minds that a re stifled through a fight for survival that includes hunger and poor health would have the potential to develop and contribute to the world through innovation and intellectual pursuits. In a world where no one struggled for the basic survival problems, great creativity and innovation could come from unexpected resources which are now lost because the difficulty of life suppresses creative thought. The greatest losses to humanity are being realized by the number of people who are being lost because they are never given the tools with which to reach their full potential. As an example, imagine what might have happened if Steven Hawking had grown up in another time period where his illness had prevented his survival or in another place where lack of health care had shortened his remarkably long life, considering the nature of his ALS which has a very much shorter life expectancy. The same mind in a body that exists in a place with less quality food and health care may never have ha d the opportunity to contribute so significantly to the

Discussion question Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion question - Research Paper ExampleAs such, crop rotation still proves to be an effective tradition of regulating destructive pests to enhance crop production. By an inclusive task of allowing legume outgrowth and green manure, crop rotation potentially facilitates soil renewal through addition of the necessary nutrients (Redelf). Similarly, zero tillage is able to provide agricultural regimen to a rather limited extent due to complexity in managing weed control. This practice however, results to lower risks of unfavorable environmental impact and a significantly economical alternative of reducing costs with fuel, labor, and equipment (Redelf). In the next fifty years, with the fast-changing trends in technology and most industries in general, adjustments with agricultural measures would inevitably follow and film shifting course. Certain agriculture experts have conjectured that if artificial standardization proceeds via pursuing biotechnological objectives with advance d breeding approach, number of food crops according to category would diminish, last leading to a worldwide famine (Redelf). It is therefore a must to keep a well-balanced biodiversity in the farm produce that are full cultivated for human consumption by innovating new ways that satisfy instead the reverse order of current aim in advancement (Redelf).

Managing Information Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Managing Information Technology - Essay ExampleA request of a body demonstrates a comprehensive summary for business requirements along with the integration with business process in prescribe to develop a business value. The concerned effect or department who generates the request also called as digest sponsor, works in parallel with the Information system department staff in order to perform feasibility study (Brown, DeHayes, Hoffer, Martin, & Perkins, 2009). The outcomes of a feasibility study illustrate essential aspects of the proposed project via project sponsor. It involves economic feasibility, organizational feasibility and organized feasibility. Moreover, the project sponsor collectivizes all the funding and resources and deploys a project manager during the initiation phase. Likewise, the concerned project manager requires developing communication with the business departments along with identifying prospects to recruit business processes.

Oil Struggle and the Fight for Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oil Struggle and the Fight for Power - Essay ExamplePossession of oil has been the cause of geopolitical and economical conflicts, most of which led to warfare. The endowment of oil reserve is not a guarantee of a nations rise to world power. Rather, their liberal bestow of oil serves as a threat to their security.Over the years, Middle East remains to be the region with the bountiful amount of oil. Dietrich mentioned that Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Kuwait argon three of the Middle Eastern countries that are capable of returning billions of oil barrels. It is noteworthy that countries with large oil reserves have been in constant conflicts. The upstart US occupation of Iraq in 2003 made a remarkable impact on the oil economy. Iraq has the third largest oil reserve in the world. Upon the conclusion of the war in Iraq, people have come to pay attention to the true aim of the war. The inability of US to find the alleged weapons of mass destruction contained in Iraq has led many to assu me that Americas dwindling supply of oil is the main purpose of the intervention.The fear of the disruption in oil supply has been constantly thriving in the global atmosphere. As the demands for oil consumption continuously grow, the world market stand expect oil to reach projectile prices. This threat motivates everybody, most industrialized nations, to take actions. If the increasing demand for oil does not cease, the future of oil industry in the Middle East can take one of two paths. Firstly, Middle Easts oil reserves can be expected to take a sweet mail in the global economy. If this happens, Middle East can rise as one of the worlds most powerful regions. Experts claim that this is highly unlikely due to the fact that some of the Middle Eastern countries are on an economic sanction.

Life of a prisoner in the Soviet Gulag and Nazi Death Camp Systems Essay

Life of a prisoner in the Soviet Gulag and Nazi Death Camp Systems - Essay ExampleJust as engaging is the have got by Solzhenitsyn, One Day in the Life of Ivan Deisovich, which portrays a fictionalized account of his personal experiences. Through explorations about these two accounts and expanded upon through other sources, a comparison of the experiences in Auschwitz and the Gulag can be made. One of the notable things about Solzhenitsyns work is that there is little that truly occurs in the book. The novel tells the expound of a day, slowly and methodically, so that the mundane nature of life-time in a prison is revealed. Although there is some discussion of punishment and the cruelty of reenforcement in the Gulag, it is the monotony and the long day that has the most impact. Through the oppressive atmosphere and the indignity of being given no trust through constant searches and enumerate of the inmates, there is a sense of being held in place, that belief permeating the wh ole work in a way that portrays a realistic feeling of being in prison. In contrast, the life that Levi Primo describes is filled with hardships that are terrible and not mundane. Each new indignity pushes him toward the next lowered level in which he must re-establish some sense of human beingity into his life. The strongest concept that creates the biggest differences in the experiences that are described is that in the Gulag, while life is harsh, there does seem to be some hope that the next day will come, and that finally the protagonist will be released from his imprisonment. In Auschwitz, on the other hand, there is the pervading sense that there will be only end at the end of the journey. Hope is a much to a greater extent precious commodity as the descriptions of the daily life is define by the knowledge that genocide had been the original agenda of the Nazi party. The low level of human conditions emphasized the lack of respect for basic human existence that was provided in this terrible place. In the Gulag, while demoralizing events were a daily part of life, the intention seemed to contain and maintain the prisoners, rather than to encourage death to take them. According to German records about the numbers of deaths in Auschwitz, 1,750,000 people died in the camp (Linn 71). The camp had a finite life, its beginning and end in spite of appearance the time frame of World War II. Its purpose was to facilitate the genocide of those the Nazi regime had determined were unfit as representative of the human species, and were defined as expendable and ideologically unnecessary. The horror of this concept and the number of people lost to this belief system makes it one of the worst events in human history. Where the events at Auschwitz were terrible, the camp only existed in a few short years where the atrocities had a finite beginning and end. The Gulag system, on the other hand, lasted for thirty years in which slow systems of horror and oppressiveness wore down the people from the threat of being detained within its grasp, or the actuality of being detained. The Gulag represented fear for those who were not in its walls, promoting the oppression of Communism and holding sway over the expression of belief and opinion within the nation of the Soviet Union (Applebaum). Cleanliness, health, and food were all some of the more important themes from both writers. Health was not easily kept in either environment, the health of Levi being so poor in the end that he was left behind, which more than likely saved his life from the harsh journey of

Emergency Preparedness Essay Example for Free

Emergency Prep atomic number 18dness EssayEmergency preparedness is vital for the safety and security of the ecumenical public. Disasters, according to Powers (2010), are events that cause damage to lives and property during which community resources arousenot keep up with the demand. In the unfortunate event of a calamity, having a plan in place as to how a it will be managed allows for the smoothest possible outcome with the fewest beat of casualties. The three levels of emergency preparedness prevention are each(prenominal) an important part of being ready for a misadventure. The planning involves the time before the disaster, the acute disaster view, and the long term management of the disaster survivors (Rittenmeyer, 2007). At the disaster scene, a triage color code system is utilize to organize and prioritize patients and the level of care they require. There are many types of disasters that can come upon the public.see moreshort essay on disaster managementThree t echnological disasters will be addressed, all involving exposure biologic, chemical and radiation. Nurses and other health care workers may encounter a disaster where their skills are needed, whether it be on the job or as a citizen. It is important that health care workers get wind the components of disaster management, triage at the scene, and different types of agents to which patients may have been exposed. Levels of Disaster ManagementEmergency Preparedness PreventionThere are three levels of a disaster management plan primary, secondary and tertiary. Each of them is important to allow for the best possible outcome in the event of a disaster. special PreventionPrimary prevention involves everything that can be done before the actual disaster occurs. This includes training strength, educating the public, and creating body waste plans. Rittenmeyer (2007) describes disaster planning as assessing the risk of a disaster occurring as well as the capacities that will be availab le during a disaster. First, a risk assessment to determine what hazards a particular community is threatened to is done (Powers, 2010).Based on the findings, a disaster response plan is created for the greatest risks to the community. Training and practice for the disaster(s) are the core components of primary prevention.For instance, in a hospital setting, sustains can attend a seminar on evacuation as well as participate in an evacuation drill to simulate a real disaster. The simulation provides the opportunity to become familiar with the disaster plan and how it will be carried out. Secondary PreventionSecondary prevention, or relief response, is the interventions that come to place during the acute disaster stage (Rittenmeyer, 2007). Patients are triaged based on level of acuity for further treatment. If exposure to a toxin or microorganism has occurred, the nurse may be assisting with decontamination and/or applying chemical suits and respirators.As Powers (2010) mentions, nurses in the field may be assessing the postulate of the community that has been involveed to determine who needs shelter, food, water system or vaccinations and helping them to obtain what they need. Disaster relief also includes performing rescues, relocating people who are displaced, and preventing disease and/or disability (Rittenmeyer, 2007). For instance, during Hurricane Katrina in 2005, nurses and other health care workers were deployed to assess, stabilize and evacuate patients to safer ground (Klein Nagel, 2007). Tertiary PreventionTertiary prevention, or disaster recovery, begins when the initial crisis is over and involves long term support for the needs of the population affected by the disaster. Activities that take place during the recovery phase include rebuilding affected infrastructure, hospitalization for the injured, rehabilitation and therapy to cope with the disaster.These will deviate according to the type of disaster that has occurred. Rittenmeyer (2007) states that during the recovery phase the effectiveness of the disaster plan should be evaluated and the plan then altered based on the findings. Triage burnish Code SystemIn the event of a disaster, the triage color code system is beneficial for three major reasons (Klein Nagel, 2007). First, triage determines who needs rapid medical care. Next, triage reduces the amount of patients sentto hospitals by separating minor versus major injuries. Thirdly, triage distributes casualties among available medical facilities to keep any one facility from being deluged with patients.The system most widely used during a disaster triage is the IDME color code system. The mneumonic IDME stands for the levels of acuity of the patients. Each level is assigned a color. They are as follows according to Husted (2012) IImmediate (Red) DDelayed (Yellow) MMinimal (Green) and EExpectant (Black).The categories have criteria that the responder should be familiar with in order to triage the patients into the appropriate color. Based on the patients level of injury, each is given a triage tag, commonly placed on the wrist. Using this system, patients are treated in order of the urgency of their injury.The red category is reserved for critical patients. These patients are seriously injured but do have a chance of surviving. The yellow category is for patients that need first aid but should not deteriorate rapidly if care is not immediate. The verdure category is for patients that are considered the walking wounded. These patients may have minor injuries such as abrasions or contusions and can either self treat or be taken care of by a someone without medical training.The final category is the black which is for patient who is unresponsive and without a pulse or has a catastrophic chest or head injury (Husted, 2012). Types of DisastersThree types of disasters that could occur are exposure to biologic, chemical and radioactive agents. It is important that medical personnel are familiar with the types of possible toxins and agents to appropriately treat those affected while protecting themselves as well. Exposure to Biologic AgentsThis type of exposure is a look at release of a virus, bacteria or other germ (Briggs, 2006). These agents are used to cause illness or even death. They are naturally occurring agents and can be spread via inhalation, orally in food or water, or through the skin (Briggs, 2006). Examples of biologicagents, also know as bioterrorism agents, are smallpox, the plague, and anthrax. Exposure to Chemical AgentsThe release of a hazardous chemical that is released and may harm peoples health is termed a chemical emergency (Centers for illness Control and Prevention, 2012). Chemicals can be natural or created. Examples of possible chemical health threats are nerve agents and vesicants. Nerve agents such as Sarin and VX affect nerve function. Vesicants cause erythema and vesicles on the skin and can also injure the eyes, the airway and internal o rgans.The nerve agent Sarin was used in 1995 in a Tokyo subway, affecting over 5,500 people (Briggs, 2006). Chemical agents are now deemed terrorist weapons. Exposure to irradiationBriggs(2006) describes ionizing radiations effect on the body. Radiation alters the cells in the body, damaging or killing them. External irradiation occurs when the whole body has been exposed to radiation from an external source such as an x-ray. taint occurs when radioactive material comes into contact with the body, either externally or internally. Contamination by radioactive agents can occur through contact with the skin, being inhaled or ingested. ConclusionEmergency preparedness is extremely important for the safety of the public. By having a disaster management plan in place, the acute disaster scene will not be just chaos but will have a sense of order amidst the mayhem. The injured will be unionised by the triage color code system to ensure the treatment of those in greatest need first and de laying treatment for those that can wait. Its important to understand the differences in biologic, chemical and radioactive exposure in order to best treat patients should an unthinkable disaster occur.ReferencesAngeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderlund, L., Brizee, A. (2010, May 5). General format. Retrieved from http//owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ Briggs, S.M. (2006). Thefirst principle of disaster medical response. transnational Trauma and DisasterInstitute, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts. Retrieved fromhttp//www.gs-interactive.net/ITDI/ABCs2ndEDition.pdfCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). Retrieved from http//www.bt.cdc.gov/hazards-specific.aspHusted, E. (2011). Principles of triage during a mass casualty incident. (PowerPoint Slides). Retrieved from http//www.ohioresponds.gov/docs/Triage.pdf Klein, K.R., Nagel, N.E. (2007). Mass medical evacuation Hurricane Katrina and nursing experiences at the New Orleans ai rport. Disaster Management and Response DMR an official publication of the Emergency Nurses Association, 5(2), . Retrieved from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17517364Powers, R. (2010). Introduction to disasters and disaster nursing. In E. Daily (Ed.), International disaster nursing (pp. 1-10). Cambridge, MA Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from http//www.wadem.org/documents/chapter_one.pdfRamesh, A. C., Kumar, S. (2010). Triage, monitoring, and treatment of mass casualty events involving chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear agents. Journal of Pharmacy and BioAllied Sciences, 2(3), 239-247. Retrieved from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC3148628/Rittenmeyer, L. (2007). Disaster preparedness Are you ready?. work force in Nursing, 2(3), 18-23.Retrieved from http//www.nursingcenter.com/prodev/ce_article.asp?tid=726331

Windows Server Backup Essay Example for Free

Windows Server Backup EssayThere are some(prenominal) ways to work with and use backup data sets when working with DCs in Windows Server 2008 R2. Backups are performed with Windows Server Backup or through its corresponding Wbadmin.exe command-line tool. twain are Windows Server 2008 R2 features and must be added to the server to be made available. They are not installed by default. Backups are not discrete. They apprehend critical volumes in their entirety. On a DC, these volumes include the followingThe system volumeThe boot volumeThe volume hosting the SYSVOL shareThe volume that hosts the AD DS databaseThe volume that hosts the AD DS logsIf you want to protect only the system state data, you must use the Ntdsutil. exe command-line tool. To do so, you must use the new IFM subcommand available in Ntdsutil.exe to capture this information for Install From Media installations. If the installation is for a read-only DC, this tool automatically strips AD DS secrets from the data to create secure installation media. Backup operators cannot create schedule backups only members of the local Administrators group have this privilege in Windows Server 2008 R2.In most cases, this means being a member of the Domain Admins group on DCs. If a server is down, you must use a local copy of the Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE) to restore the system. WinRE can either be installed locally or found on the Windows Server 2008 R2 installation media. I would recommend that you perform backups every night while employees are not working to vitiate having a slow system.

Progesterone For Maintenance Tocolytic Therapy after Threatened Preterm Labour Essay Example for Free

Progesterone For Maintenance Tocolytic Therapy after Threatened Preterm Labour EssayWhat was the have technique used and what are the advantages and disadvantages of use that technique? The researchers used a two-stage sampling method that was non-random in the first stage and randomized in the number stage. The total population was made up of 137 patients who were admitted for preterm labour. Selection from this initial population was non-random because there were exclusion criteria. The seventy women included were randomised to their treatment groups by appoint randomly generated numbers.The main advantage of using the technique was its simplicity and straightforwardness. Every individual who fit the inclusion criteria had equal chance of being selected. The disadvantage of the technique was that there was bias in the initial selection. Such bias could have affected the accuracy of the experiment. Was there randomisation? There was randomisation in the moment stage of sa mpling, where all those women who fit the inclusion criteria were part of the sampling population. Randomisation was done by generating random numbers and assigning numbers to the women included in the ascertain.Was it biased? There were several sources of bias in the study. The fact that the patients were all from the same clinic is already in itself introducing bias. The study was not double blind, which could also be a source of bias. The use of exclusion criteria in the first stage of sampling lessened the bias. In the second stage of sampling, efforts were done to further finish off bias by assigning treatment to all included patients. No patient also left the study, thus further reducing bias. Describe the grimness and power of the studyBased on the researchers desired results, the statistical power of the study for improving latency was initially calculated be 80% with an laying claim of getting standard deviation (SD) of 12 years at 5% level of significance. However, wh en their results came out, the power was calculated to be lower (value for this was not presented in the musical theme). By checking the means and SD for latency, and assuming a two-tailed analysis, power was calculated to be 51% only. This could be attributed to the high standard deviation that could in turn be payable to the relatively small number of samples tested.In other similar studies, the sample population is much higher. For example, another study testing the effect of vaginal progesterone on preterm birth used 413 women (Eduardo B. Da Fonseca, et al. , 2007). Despite the low statistical power, the results presented here are valid as preliminary data on the appurtenance of tocolytic therapy with vaginal progesterone to control preterm labour. The study was able to show that progesterone treatment had an effect on the other outcomes that were measured (please refer to Table 2 in the text).Background information of the venture Progesterone is a steroid hormone that is wi dely used in hormone replacement therapy in menopausal women. It is also used to induce menstruation in women who suddenly stop menstruating. Its capacity to control preterm labour was first account in the 1980s. Oral governing body of progesterone induces side effects like migraine, dizziness, vomiting and blurred vision. This was the usual mode of administration of progesterone, which was proven effective to reduce preterm labour (Meis, et al. , 2003).Since 2003, studies have reported on the use of progesterone vaginal suppository to treat preterm labour (E. B. Da Fonseca, Bittar, Carvalho, Zugaib, 2003) and even in high risk women (Eduardo B. Da Fonseca, et al. , 2007). Until this current study, there were no previous reports on the use of progesterone to supplement tocolytic therapy, using magnesium sulphate and intravenous ampicillin, on women who actually had preterm labour. Hypothesis of the study Null hypothesis The use of vaginal progesterone after inhibition of preterm labour will not change latency period and recurrence of preterm labour.Alternate hypothesis (what the study really wants to prove) After the inhibition of preterm labour, treatment with vaginal progesterone will result in increased latency period and decreased recurrence of preterm labour. methodological analysis The study was conducted on 70 women who were had arrested uterine activity after they were treated for premature labour. The women were randomized to two groups one was administered vaginal progesterone and the other, a placebo, until delivery. Subjects were monitored for days to latency until delivery, recurring preterm labour and other primary and secondary outcomes.Different statistical tests were used to determine if the treatments resulted in significantly different outcomes. Comparisons were done using Students t-test for quantitative data chi-square and Fisher exact tests, among others, were used for categorical data. Conclusion of the study The study concluded that the use of vaginal progesterone after tocolytic therapy was effective in increasing latency to delivery but not in decreasing the incidence of recurrence of preterm labour. Is it a valid speculation based on the data of the study? Describe the applicability and relevance of the paper to clinical practice.The conclusion is valid based on the data of the study. The paper and the results presented are applicable and relevant to clinical practice because it proposes a new means of treating preterm labour for increased latency. Although the recurrence of preterm labour appeared not to be cut down with the treatment, this could be due to the advanced stage of the pregnancy when the preterm labour occurred or due to the small sampling population. It is significant to note that this is the first to report on the supplementation of tocolytic therapy with vaginal progesterone. Further studies can also be done to validate the results.

Use of Gender in Advertising

Use of Gender in AdvertisingGender and Media Advertising.IntroductionThe final dissertation depart research, analyze and summarize the findings pertaining to the use of sex in publicize and the possible effects on the target market and society.The media advertising covered to include both print and electronic media and willing, at minimum, encompass examples from magazines, goggle box and Internet advertising, as they be the most pervasive within western society.A brief history of advertising and common techniques used in advertising, such(prenominal) as branding, to be included as background information.Methodology.Content analysis to be done on selected major advertising campaigns in the three specify media of magazines, television and Internet. Additional quantitative analysis tools will be used, where required.BodyThe research question to be addressed is Identify and analyze the use of gender in media advertising, and its probable effects on society and summarize the findi ngs. Provide background information on the historical and ethical use of advertising, including marketing techniques and denote to key proponents of the report.For the purpose of the dissertation the following definitions will be applied throughout Gender(http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender) the characteristics, whether biological or socially influenced, by which people typeset male and female. (Myers, 2002)Advertising (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising) Generally speaking, advertising is the promotion of goods, services, companies and ideas, usually by an identified sponsor.To achieve the required results, information and elevatements will be gathered from multiple sources including magazines with diverse target audiences, television advertising and related articles, as well as Internet sites that promote specific products. Internet sites to include both product sites which are selected by the consumer and pop up advertising which is unsolicited. The content analysis of t he data will take into consideration the techniques used, how appropriate the gender usage is related to the nature of the product macrocosm marketed and the target audience.The results to be summarized, categorized and reported found on the different media being evaluated as they use differing marketing techniques. This could result in gender content in advertising being less appropriate in certain mediums, based on the target audience and whether the target had the pickaxe to select the specific ad.Printed media earmarks standard content for all consumers who view or purchase the magazineTelevision advertising is timed, niche type marketing to do good the attention of the most likely target market e.g. car related products advertised during NASCAR racingInternet advertising is often one-on-one marketing based on the specific consumers past usage of Internet sites and information gathered by marketers on consumers from their web sites. e.g. Amazon analyze purchases made and then advertise selected products based on this history data to that individual consumerCertain products advertise using all of the above channels and are likely to prove to be good examples for inclusion in the dissertation. They will provide a total view of a products advertising strategy, as well as have a broad effect on society. Such products advertising could include additional channels, such as billboards and cinema advertising and this should be remark and included, where applicable. Where possible, marketing research carried out by the products marketing company will be included to validate the target markets and identify their marketing strategies. The analysis mustiness include the use of both men and women in advertising and the results need to identify and specify the differences and similarities in the use of both in the specific advertisements. For this to provide a balanced comparison, the products for both sexes should be comparable, e.g. apparel.In addition to spe cifically looking at the effects of gender in advertising, any product that displays shoddy facts, either by inclusion or omission of relevant facts, in any aspect, is to be investigated and included in the results.I believe that the dissertation will show that there are many examples of gender being included inappropriately by the media. If the introduction of a specific gender in an advertisement has no bearing on the product or the usage thereof, and is included only to engage the interest of the potential consumer, the inclusion is likely to be needless and probably inappropriate. Such misuse could result in a number of banish effects on the consumer, for exampleRaises false expectations of the effect of the product being marketedCreates stereotypes in the minds of the general public which are erroneousLiterature reviewAs part of the analysis, identify and read up articles from key authors on the subject matter and include their findings relating to gender issues in advertisi ng and any other appropriate sources outputs in the dissertation.AssumptionsThe dissertation is limited to advertising for an adult market and will not include marketing specifically aimed at children or teens.The study will only include media in English that is primarily used in the western worldIf specific print magazines, periodicals, companies or advertising campaigns are to be included in the study, this will be stated by the lymph glandThe dissertation relates to advertising directed at the general public and therefore excludes business-to-business marketing and advertising strategies.Possible LimitationsThe topic will be limited to media advertising in English speaking, western society only, although I believe the use of gender in advertising could have a far greater negative impact in the Middle and Far East.The culture of consumers differs across Europe and the Americas and certain cultural groups will view advertisements differently. If the advertising has been customized by country or region to accommodate differing cultures, this could fragment some of the results.ConclusionThe choice of suitable products and the media advertising utilized is vital to the quality of the final dissertation. Tables and graphs to be included to ornament the findings, where applicable. The dissertation will summarize the findings of the analysis carried out and document both the negative and positive aspects of gender usage as studied in media advertising. any unethical practices identified which result in misleading the target market to be included, regardless of whether they specifically relate to the inclusion of gender bias.

Analysis of Heavy Metals Contamination in Urban Dust

Analysis of telling Metals Contamination in Urban Dust2.1 REVIEW OF inform STUDIES2.1.1 Assessment of Heavy Metal in path Dust in Kathmandu Metropolitan City and their Possible Impacts on the Environment.Chirika S.T. Pawan R.S.9 conducted a carry in 2011 to tempt the levels of bowed down(p) metals in street spatter at different topical anestheticities in the Metropolitan City of Kathmandu, Nepal. A contribute of 20 street dust samples were lay in from four sampling sites such as mechanical workshops, motor parks, market areas and residential areas as well as dust were roll up from sites which were not affected by handicraft.The collected samples were digested utilise aqua regia through microwave digestion and heavy metals were resolute exploitation a SOLAAR M5 Dual Automizer Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The signify soaking up of level of belong and nickel were 80.3 and 52.9 g/g. However, the highest chairman denseness was 116.8 g/g at the mechanical wor kshop, which were directly associated with the emissions from vehicles exhaust since vehicles were still development leaded gasoline although it was banned in Nepal.2.1.2 Multivariate analysis of heavy metals contamination in urban dust of Xian, Central ChinaFor this study undertaken in 2005, Yongming H. et al.23 collected sixty-five samples of urban dust in Xian. The aim of this study was to determine the level of heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Ag, Hg, Mn, Sb, Zn, Cu and As, as well as to identity their lifelike tooth roots. Xian was selected for this study since it was the central city consisting of heavy metals industries, textile industries and chemical substance industries. The collected samples were digested using HF, HNO3, H2SO4 and HClO4. The end of heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ag and Mn where carried out using Vario 6 nuclear absorption spectrophotometer whereas Hg, As and Sb were analyzed by mothy vapor atomic spectrometry.The highest mean meanness was found to be of lead, Zinc, Manganese and Chromium which were 230.5, 421.3, 687 and 167.3 g/g respectively. It was concluded that the high density originate in the first place from industrial sources as well as traffic sources. Further, the high concentration of Mn was found to originate from soil sources which were considered to be a mixture of natural and anthropogenic sources.2.1.3 Determination of Heavy Metals content in Soils and Indoor Dusts From nurseries in Dungun, TerengganuTahir M.N. et al.22 determined the concentrations of certain heavy metals such as Al, Fe, Pb, Zn, Cd, Mn and Cu, in indoor(prenominal) dusts and out-of-door soils from nurseries located in industrial, town and village area found in Dungun district, which was one of the coastal towns located in Malaysia. For this study carried out in 2007, eighteen sampling sites where chosen which were nursery schools. The sampling sites were divided into three groups the first group was at the center of the town and near he avily frequented urban traffic routes the second group selected was found in the south region of the town and was considered as industrial area. This region had high density of petroleum chemical industry, power plant and main passs with heavy traffic loads. The Third group was village, situated at the edge of the urban area which was a still residential district with low volume of traffic and negligible industry.The collected samples were wherefore digested and heavy metals concentrations in both soils and dust indoors were determined using atomic absorption spectrometer (FS 220A VARIAN). The range of metal observed were 46.9 g/g for Cu, 338 g/g for Mn, 4.66 g/g for Cd, 130 g/g for Zn, 91.7 g/g for Pb and 114000 g/g for Al. However, from the result obtained, it was found that the village areas had higher level of toxic metals compared to both town and industrial areas for outdoor soils. On the other hand, industrial areas had exhibited higher mean concentration of Cu, Mn, Fe, P b and Zn in their indoor dusts which originated from infiltration of outdoor particles, dust, soils, internal ventilation system, provision smoke, old paint and furniture materials.In general, results obtained from this study showed that some nursery schools in Dungun had high levels of heavy metals content in soils and indoor dust. It was suggested that the major source of these heavy metals in soils was due to the road vehicular emission.2.1.4 Metals Levels in Indoor and Outdoor Dust in Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaAl-Rajhi A.S. et al.3 conducted a study to determine the concentration of heavy metals in outdoor and indoor dusts in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. In 1996 , outdoor dust samples were collected from 231 sites including various rural, suburban, and urban, motorway and two industrials sites and indoor samples were collected from 20 in the public eye(predicate) community centres. The samples were digested using aqua regia and were then analyzed for heavy metals using atomic absorption sp ectrometer (Perkin-Elmer model 1100).The mean concentration of indoor dust were 639 and 52.9 g/g respectively for lead and nickel and the outdoor dust concentrations for lead and nickel were 1762 and 43.9 g/g respectively. Among all these metals analyzed, lead had the highest concentrations. This was due to the use of leaded fuel, with levels being especially high near motorways as a result of high traffic density. However, it was observed that on that point was a decreased in lead levels in suburban and rural areas where automobile emissions were much less than in urban areas.2.1.5 Investigation of Trace Heavy metal Concentrations in the Street Dust Samples Collected from Kayseri, TurkeyDivrikli U. et al.12 investigated the levels of heavy metal ions of the street dusts from Kayseri, Turkey. A total of 77 street dust samples were collected during the bound of April 2000 till June 2000 and control samples were collected from three hills outside Kayseri that were not affected by me tal sources. After digestion with aqua regia, the samples were analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry.The range of concentrations of heavy metals was 84 -532 g/g for lead and 49 -381 for nickel. It was observed that high levels of lead in dust were from combustion of gasoline. The highest concentration of lead (165.5 g/g ) was observed around street carrying heavy traffic and the minimum concentration was 103.3 g/g which was from school garden.For nickel, the source was from contriteness and corrosion of nickel containing parts of the vehicles in the traffic. The highest concentration was 57.3 g/g which was observed in heavy traffic.2.1.6 Lead Distribution in Near-Surface Soils of Two Florida Cities Gainesville and Miami, ground forcesIn 2004, Chirenje T. et al.8 conducted a study to determine lead distribution in soil in two Florida urban areas, having different levels of industrial development and population. 240 samples were collected from three land-use classes r esidential, commercial and public land. They were digested using USEPA method (hot plate digestion) and analyzed using graphite furnace AAS.After analysis of the samples, it was found that the average concentration of lead in Gainesville was 16 mg/kg while 93 mg/kg was observed in Miami. Considering Gainesville, the lead concentration increased as follows public parks (10 mg/kg), commercial areas (18 mg/kg), public buildings (20 mg/kg) and residential areas (23 mg/kg) whereas for Miami the increased was from public buildings (77 mg/kg), public parks (79 mg/kg), residential (102 mg/kg) to commercial areas (120 mg/kg). Hence, the higher lead concentration was found in Miami, which was mainly due to the soil properties rather than just anthropogenic factors.2.1.7 Heavy Metal Concentrations in Street and Leaf Deposited Dust in Anand City, IndiaBhattacharya T. et al.6 investigated the heavy metal concentrations in street and leaf deposited dust in Anand City, India in 2011 . Street dust samples and leaf deposited dust samples were collected from five major roadways selected on the basis of traffic load, population density and anthropogenic activities and analysis for Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were carried out. The samples were digested and analyzed using AAS (Perkin Elmeyer model).The mean metal concentration in street dust sample varied with sampling location. Lead concentration (105.4 mg/kg) in dust samples was consistently high. The high Pb concentration was interpreted as resulting from the continued use of leaded gasoline on the outskirts of the city since some petrol stations were stilling selling unleaded petrol. In addition, Pb was also used in manufacture of pesticides, fertilizers, paints, dyes and batteries. Therefore industrial sources had also contributed to Pb levels from vehicle emission. The concentration of nickel in the street dusts ranged from (56.9-75.81 mg/kg). The main source of nickel in street dust was the combustion of diesel fuel. Unexpectedly, ni ckel content was relatively higher, compared to other metals, in the rural area suggesting that the extensive use of diesel in three wheelers, tractors and water pumps used for irrigation in rural areas was contributing the tall level in dust.2.1.8 Heavy Metal Concentration in Road Deposited Dust at Ketu-South District, GhanaAddo M.A et al.1 carried out a study in 2012 to determine the metal concentration in deposited dust along the road of Ketu-South District, Ghana. Fifty sampling sites were selected from popular roadstead that experiences intense traffic conditions within the district. The collected samples were allowed to alter for 10 days and were analyzed by X-ray Fluorescence Analysis.The lowest metal concentration was 0.4 g/g for As 284 g/g for Cr 18.4g/g for Cu 233 g/g for Mn 12.3 for Ni 3.1 g/g for Pb and 18.2 g/g for Zn. It was noted in a roadway which runs through a host of rural communities. The maximum concentration of Cr (9106.0 g/g), Mn (1240.0 g/g), and Pb (67.80 g/g) were found in road soil samples collected from the roadway normally patronized by heavy trucks used in conveying cementum products and raw materials to and from the cement factory. Therefore, much cement dusts were spread along the road as loaded cement trucks made use of the road. The source of Cu and Zn in the samples was indicated by research as tire abrasion, the corrosion of metallic parts of cars, lubricant and industrial.2.1.9 Heavy Metal Determination in Household Dust from Ilorin City, NigeriaAdekola F.A et al.2 collected samples from 18 different locations in Ilorin, which was the capital of Nigeria, to determine the levels of lead, cadmium, nickel, copper and iron in indoor dusts. Sampling was done daily in the morning between the months June and family, 1998. The collected samples were digested and the concentrations of metals were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Pye Unicam Model 2900).The mean metal concentration in dust sample varied with sa mpling location. The range of concentration of heavy metals was (2.34 -10.17) mg/kg for Pb, (0.19 -1.99) mg/kg for Cu, (0.001 0.38) mg/kg for Cd, (0.006 -2.19) mg/kg for Ni and (28.6 -45.4) mg/kg for Fe. The high levels of concentration of Pb, Ni and Fe were broadly likely originated from sources such as emission from automobiles and fall out from wall paint. Further, the important levels of Fe observed in all locations were due to the nature of the local soil and the intensity of humane activities in the various localities.2.1.10 Water-Soluble Species and Heavy Metals Contamination of The petroleum Refinery Area, JordanIn 2002 , Momami A.K et al.16 investigated the levels of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Al, Cr and Fe in street dust, soil, and plants in the Jordanian petroleum refinery. Eighty- one street dust samples, coded D1-D18, were collected from different sites such as highway, living accommodations area, manufacturing area, main gates, load up parking area, tanker loading area and m ajor refining units. The collected samples were dried and digested using concentrated nitric acid. Heavy metals were then determined using a Thermo Jarrel Ash char Atomic Absorption spectrometer, (Model Smith-Hieftje 11, USA, with SH back-ground correction. For termination of low concentrations of heavy metals, a Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (GFAAS) was utilized.The mean concentration of heavy metals obtained was as follows Pb (77 g/g), Cu (69 g/g), Zn (178 g/g), Fe (4510 g/g), Cr (21 g/g) and Cd (1.38 g/g). The highest levels of lead were observed in the housing area, streets between loading parking area, the road tanker loading area and at streets near the main gate of the refinery. The high lead contamination at the housing area and at the main gate was due to automobile exhaust emission since most automobiles passed through these sites. Also fuel leaks, spills, and exhaust emissions from tankers in the loading parking area and tanker loading area was respons ible for lead contamination occurring at these sites.Further, high concentrations of the other metals Cu, Zn, Cd and Cr were normally found in the manufacturing area, and around the major refining units. These findings indicated that materials used in manufacturing cylinders, major refining processes, leaks of oil product during loading of tankers, and motor vehicles were the primary sources of these heavy metals. Additionally, existence of CU in street dust was derived from engine wear of automobiles, while attrition of automobile tires and lubricating oils were possible sources of Zn and Cd.2.1.11 Soil Lead taint alongside Some Major Roads In MauritiusIn 2000 , Choong Kwet Yive N.S et al.10 conducted a study to determine the lead levels in soil alongside main roads in Mauritius which were caused mainly by vehicular exhaust. Four Mauritian roads with different traffic densities were selected for sampling. The collected samples were digested using Milestone microwave digester and t he lead determination was carried out using atomic absorption spectrometer (UNICAM 929).The mean lead concentration in dust sample varied with sampling location. The highest lead concentration, 1938 g/g, was found at Rd1, which was the major motorway having the highest traffic density. Further, it was also reported that the west side of Rd1 had a concentration of 786 g/g compared to that on the eastern side (536 g/g). This was due to the South- East Trade leash which blows the lead particulate to the left side of the road. The low concentration of lead found was 12 g/g, which was due to the dry weather and compact soil. It was concluded that the major sources of lead pollution in street dust was due to vehicular emission.2.1.12 monitor of Pb and Ni in Street Dust Coming from Vandermeersch StreetJhurry K.R.15 conducted a study in street dust coming from Vandermeersch Street, to determine Pd and Ni concentration. Sixty- four dust samples were collected over a period of four months f rom August to November 2011. The collected samples were acid digested using microwave digester system and then analyzed using FAAS.The mean concentration of heavy metals was 65.4 ppm for lead and 208.2 ppm for nickel. Further, it was also reported that the left side of the road had the highest metal concentration compared to that on the proper side. This was due to the South-East Trade Wind, blowing the dust particulate toward the left. The high Ni concentration observed was due to traffic density. Considering the lead concentration, it has decrease considerably since there was a shift from leaded gasoline to unleaded one. Further, other factors affecting lead level from one place to another was seasonal behavior and human activities.2.1.13 Lead and Nickel Levels near Vandermeersch Street.Summoogum Y.P.21 carried out a study to determine the lead and nickel levels in street dust at Vandermeersch Street, Mauritius. A total of 80 samples were collected from 8 different sampling sites over a period of five months from August to December 2012. The concentration of lead and nickel were determined using FAAS after digestion in acids using microwave digester.The mean concentration of heavy metals obtained was 32.6 ppm for lead and 52.5 ppm for nickel. The concentration of nickel was explained by the increase in traffic volume, which was mainly due to abrasion and corrosion of vehicular parts. Moreover, it was seen that the left side of the road was more polluted than that of the right, showing the effect of the South-East Trade Wind which blow the dust particulate toward the west side of the road, causing accumulation. For lead, it was seen that there was significant decrease since the use of leaded gasoline was banned in September 2002 and unleaded gasoline was introduced all over the island.