Chapter two homework

Chapter two homeworkChapter Two Homework1. What are well-nigh regular technical goals for organizations today?Scalability, availability, Performance, Security, Usability, manageability, adaptability, affordability.2. What does availability mean?Its can be expressed as a percent uptime per year, month, week, day, or hour compared to the ingrained time in that period. It does also be expressed as a mean time between failure (MTBF) and mean time to fixture (MTTR).3. If a cyberspace is up for 835 hours in five weeks, what is the availability?In the week = 24 x 7 = 168 hour in bingle weekSo, 168 x 5 = 840 hourSo the availability is 835 / 840 = 0.994 x 100 = 99.4 %4. Using the five nines availability, what is the down time in instant per four weeks?One weeks in second = 60 x 60 x 24 x 7 = 604800 second4 Weeks = 604800 x 4 = 2419200 secondAvailability = 1 0.99999 = 0.000001 secondSo the downtime is 0.000001 * 2419200 = 24.192 second.5. What does the limit hot-swapping means, and wh at the reasons for using it?6. A customer requires 99.999% availability, how would you carry out maintenance for such a cyberspace? Assume that hot-swapping is not possible7. What are the typical bit error rate BER of a fiber link sloven link?8. If a load is 115kbps where a mailboat switch need to transmit it over an ISDN circuit (128kbps), what is the utilization? How many packets in the line up?Utilization = 115/128 = 0.898%Average number of packets in queue = (0.898) / 1-0.898) = 8,804 Packets9. How do bandwidth and throughput differ?Bandwidth is a data carrying capacity of a circuit, usually stipulate in bits per secondThroughput is the quantity of error free data familial per unit of time, usually specified in packets per second10. How can one and only(a) improve net profit efficiency?More the packet is larger to a greater extent the efficiency of the network will be.11. What are the security threats if a network device is compromised?Data flowing through the network c an be intercepted, analyzed, altered, or deleted, compromising integrity and confidentiality.Additional, related network services, which rely on trust among network devices, can be compromised. For example, bad routing data or incorrect authentication information could be injected into the network.User passwords can be compromised and used for further intrusions and perhaps to reach out and attack otherwise networks.The configuration of the device can be altered to allow connections that shouldnt be allowed or to disallow connections that should be allowed.12. What tradeoffs whitethorn be necessary in order to improve network efficiency?Implementing good throughput for one screening might cause delay problems for another application. The cause of the efficiency of the (network) throughput is the packet surface, so if one application have large packet size to set out it efficiency the other packet for another application may dont have capacity on the network.13. Redundancy is not one of the network goals, what is meant by redundancy? Explain to what network goal is related and wherefore?Redundancy means adding duplicate links or devices to a network to avoid downtime.Redundancy is linked to Availability, but redundancy is not a network goal, but redundant network topologies are becoming much and more significant for many networks design client who want to make certain business continuity after a major find fault or disaster.