Culture and It’s Elements Essay

Culture (Latin cultura, lit. cultivation)1 is a modern concept base on a consideration first used in classical antiquity by the Roman orator, Cicero cultura animi. The term civilization appe ared first in its current sense in Europe in the 18th and nineteenth centuries, to connote a process of cultivation or improvement, as in agriculture or horticulture. In the 19th century, the term developed to carry on first to the betterment or refinement of the individual, especially through education, and whence to the fulfillment of national aspirations or ideals. In the mid-19th century, some scientists used the term culture to refer to a universal human qualification. For the German nonpositivist sociologist Georg Simmel, culture referred to the cultivation of individuals through the agency of external forms which fix been objectified in the execute of history.2 In the 20th century, culture emerged as a rally concept in anthropology, encompassing the range of human phenomena that cannot be attributed to transmissible inheritance.Specifically, the term culture in American anthropology had two meanings (1) the evolved human capacity to classify and diddle experiences with symbols, and to act imaginatively and creatively and (2) the distinct ways that people spiritedness in different parts of the world sort out and represented their experiences, and acted creatively. Distinctions are currently made between the physical artifacts created by a club, its so-called material culture and everything else,3 the intangibles such as language, customs, and so forth that are the main referent of the term cultureSOCIAL establishment Creates social structure by organizing its members into small units to meet elemental needs. Family Patterns family is the most important unit of social organization. Through the family children learn how they are expect to act and what to believe. Nuclear family wife, husband, children. This is a typical family in an industrial society (US). Extended family Several generations living in one household, working and living together grandparents, aunts and uncles, cousins. Respect for elders is strong. Social classes rank people in lay of status, depending on what is important to the culture (money, job, education, ancestry, etc.)CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS Rules of Behavior are implement ideas of right and wrong. They can be customs, traditions, rules, or written laws.RELIGION Answers basic questions about the meaning of life. Supports values that groups of people feel are important. devotion is a great deal a source of conflict between cultures. Monotheism is a printing in one god. Polytheism is a belief in many gods. ungodliness is a belief in no gods.LANGUAGE Language is the bag of culture. All cultures have a spoken language (even if there are no developed forms of writing). People who speak the same language often share the same culture. Many societies include a large outlet of people who speak differe nt languages. Each language can have several different dialects.ARTS AND LITERATURE They are the products of the human imagination. They serve us pass on the cultures basic beliefs. Examples art, music, literature, and tribe talesFORMS OF GOVERNMENT People form governments to provide for their common needs, keep revisal within society, and protect their society from outside threats. Definition of government 1. someone/people who hold power in a society 2 Societys laws and political institutions. Democracy people have positive power, government acts by and with consent. Republic people choose leaders who represent them. Dictatorship ruler/group holds power by force ordinarily relying on military support for power.ECONOMIC SYSTEMS How people use contain resources to satisfy their wants and needs. Answers the basic questions what to allege, how to produce it, and for whom. Traditional providence people produce most of what they need to survive (hunting, gathering, farming , herding cattle, make own clothes/tools). commercialise Economy buying and selling goods and services Command Economy presidency controls what/how goods are produced and what they cost. Individuals have little economic power Mixed Economy Individuals make some economic decisions and the government makes others.